HKB
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Often appears with: taxation, tribute, and revenue · justice as a virtue · vows valuation · value, price, and exchange · tax incidence on landlords · tabernacles feast · sacrifices and prohibited income · religious persecution and toleration · redemption with a fifth · property, inheritance, and title · parliament’s declaration for law and gospel · mosaic law
Usually: detachment (4) · argument (3) · law or decree (2) · narrative (1) · injustice endured (1) · censure (1) · indignation (1)
“The ceremonial, too, of the civil government in the colonies, upon the reception of a new governor, upon the opening of a new assembly, &c. though sufficiently decent, is not accompanied with any expensive pomp or parade.” Adam Smith, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth · observation
“It is undoubtedly true, that the farmer does calculate his probable outgoings of all descriptions, when agreeing with his landlord concerning the rent of his farm; and if for the tithe paid to the church, or for the tax on the produce of the land, he were not compensated by a rise in the relative value of the produce of his farm, he would naturally deduct them from his rent.” David Ricardo, On The Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation · observation
Pepys reports Parliament’s declarations over law, gospel, and tithes, public executions displayed in Cheapside, food and family dinner at his lodging, and rumors about Monk’s concurrence with the Parliament.
their wives, and my brother Tom [Ob.1663]. The news this day is a letter that speaks absolutely Monk's concurrence with this Parliament, and nothing else, which yet I hardly believe. 28th, I went to Mr. Downing, who told me that he was resolved to be gone for Holland this morning. So I to my office again, and dispatch my business there, and came with Mr. Hawley to Mr. Downing's lodgings, and took Mr. Squib from Whi…
God sets rules for vows and valuations of persons, animals, houses, and dedicated fields, including a requirement to add a fifth for redemption and special status for holy things and tithes.
And the LORD spake unto Moses saying: speak unto the children of Israel and say unto them: If any man will give a singular vow unto the LORD according to the value of his soul, then shall the male from twenty years unto forty be set at fifty sicles of silver, after the sicle of the sanctuary, and the female at thirty sicles. And from five years to twenty the male shall be set at twenty sicles, and the female at ten s…
Ricardo explains tithes as an equal tax on gross produce that raises the money price of corn and shifts burdens to consumers, with effects changing in stationary, retrograde, or improving societies.
TITHES. Tithes are a tax on the gross produce of the land, and, like taxes on raw produce, fall wholly on the consumer. They differ from a tax on rent, inasmuch as they affect land which such a tax would not reach; and raise the price of raw produce, which that tax e of raw produce, which that tax would not alter. Lands of the worst quality, as well as of the best, pay tithes, and exactly in proportion to the quanti…
Ricardo critiques Adam Smith’s claim that taxes on land produce are ultimately paid by landlords; he says farmers would only deduct taxes if prices failed to rise, but they should rise instead.
but they take from each quality of land a contribution in proportion to its actual produce, and not in proportion to the produce of that which is the least productive. From the peculiar view which Adam Smith took of rent, from his not having observed that much capital is expended in every country, on the land for which no rent is paid, he concluded that all taxes on the land, whether they were laid on the land itsel…
Smith compares colonial government costs and ceremonies, arguing English colonies were cheaply and frugally administered with low church burdens, unlike Spain and Portugal’s taxes, titles, and oppressive clergy.
The ceremonial, too, of the civil government in the colonies, upon the reception of a new governor, upon the opening of a new assembly, &c. though sufficiently decent, is not accompanied with any expensive pomp or parade. Their ecclesiastical government is conducted upon a plan equally frugal. Tithes are unknown among them; and their clergy, who are far from being numerous, are maintained either by moderate stipends,…
A sequence of Mosaic legal provisions is given: severe punishment for blasphemy, pilgrimage for remote Israelites, tithing rules including sale vs feast use, and bans on sacrificing goods from sexual or abusive revenue.
He that blasphemeth God, let him be stoned; and let him hang upon a tree all that day, and then let him be buried in an ignominious and obscure manner. 7. Let those that live as remote as the bounds of the land which the Hebrews shall possess, come to that city where the temple shall be, and this three times in a year, that they may give thanks to God for his former benefits, and may entreat him for those they shall…