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Often appears with: reason and the intellect · history and the writing of history · education and the training of the young · justice as a virtue · fate, destiny, and necessity · logic, method, and demonstration · the nature and attributes of God · doubt, skepticism, and certainty · perception and the senses · geography and the description of places · religious persecution and toleration · books, libraries, and learning
Usually: argument (887) · detachment (787) · skepticism (675) · curiosity (639) · commentary or gloss (453) · reflection (215) · narrative (203) · crisis of belief (147) · censure (146) · exhortation (142)
“By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.” Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an Amer · observation
“For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child’s affection toward its mother, and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child.” Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an Amer · insight
“Suppose, therefore, that an articulate voice were heard in the clouds, much louder and more melodious than any which human art could ever reach:” David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion · vivid
“These ideas are, perhaps, too far stretched; but still it must be acknowledged, that, by representing the Deity as so intelligible and comprehensible, and so similar to a human mind, we are guilty of the grossest and most narrow partiality, and make ourselves the model of the whole universe.” David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion · insight
“At least if it appear more pious and respectful (as it really is) still to retain these terms, when we mention the Supreme Being, we ought to acknowledge, that their meaning, in that case, is totally incomprehensible; and that the infirmities of our nature do not permit us to reach any ideas which in the least correspond to the ineffable sublimity of the Divine attributes.” David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion · precept
“A mind, whose acts and sentiments and ideas are not distinct and successive; one, that is wholly simple, and totally immutable, is a mind which has no thought, no reason, no will, no sentiment, no love, no hatred; or, in a word, is no mind at all.” David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion · precept
“But, of all recognitions, the best is that which arises from the incidents themselves, where the startling discovery is made by natural means.” Aristotle, The Poetics of Aristotle · precept
“The perfection of style is to be clear without being mean.” Aristotle, The Poetics of Aristotle · precept
“Yet a style wholly composed of such words is either a riddle or a jargon; a riddle, if it consists of metaphors; a jargon, if it consists of strange (or rare) words.” Aristotle, The Poetics of Aristotle · insight
“It is precisely because such phrases are not part of the current idiom that they give distinction to the style. This, however, he failed to see.” Aristotle, The Poetics of Aristotle · observation
“For sameness of incident soon produces satiety, and makes tragedies fail on the stage.” Aristotle, The Poetics of Aristotle · insight
“The wonderful is pleasing: as may be inferred from the fact that every one tells a story with some addition of his own, knowing that his hearers like it.” Aristotle, The Poetics of Aristotle · insight
In New Bedford, Douglass changes his name for concealment, becomes Frederick Douglass through Nathan Johnson’s selection, and explains how Massachusetts laws and schooling amazed him after slavery.
how to make an honest living. Thus, in a fortnight after my flight from Maryland, I was safe in New Bedford, a citizen of the grand old commonwealth of Massachusetts. Once initiated into my new life of freedom and assured by Mr. Johnson that I need not fear recapture in that city, a comparatively unimportant question arose as to the name by which I should be known thereafter in my new relation as a free man. The nam…
Margoliouth says the suras were meant for hearers via public recital rather than silent readers, outlines key stages of Muhammad’s career tied to suras, and notes that individual verse-to-event links are often hard to pinpoint.
Apostle's, God's pleasure and the Apostle's, spoken of in the same breath, and epithets and attributes elsewhere applied to Allah openly applied to himself as in Sura ix., 118, 129. The Suras, viewed as a whole, strike me as being the work of one who began his career as a thoughtful enquirer after truth, and an earnest asserter of it in such rhetorical and poetical forms as he deemed most likely to win and attract h…
The passage contains Sura LXXVI’s account of righteous banquets in Paradise versus chains and fire for unbelievers, then states the Qur’an as a divine message and ends with Sura XLIV’s “Smoke” warnings about judgment, Pharaoh, creation, and Ez-Zakkoum.
In a right way have we guided him, be he thankful or ungrateful. For the Infidels we have got ready chains and collars and flaming fire. But a wine cup tempered at the camphor fountain2 the just shall quaff: Fount whence the servants of God shall drink, and guide by channels from place to place; They who fulfilled their vows, and feared the day whose woes will spread far and wide; Who though longing for it thems…
The passage quotes the Qur’anic account of Abraham’s and Joseph’s stories within the author’s framing commentary, moving from warnings about evil doers to teachings about God’s signs and likenesses.
you, neither can ye aid me. I never believed that I was His equal with whom ye joined me."2 As for the evil doers, a grievous torment doth await them. But they who shall have believed and done the things that be right, shall be brought into gardens beneath which the rivers flow: therein shall they abide for ever by the permission of their Lord: their greeting therein shall be "Peace." Seest thou not to what God lik…
A scholarly note section explains Jewish-text parallels and interpretive glosses to the Joseph narrative (e.g., imprisonment, theft accusations, and prophetic framing), preparing for the next Qur’anic sura.
8 Some take the Arabic Boshra as the proper name of the person who accompanied the drawer of water. 9 The apparition of his father, who said, "Hereafter shall the names of thy brethren, engraven on precious stones, shine on the breast of the High Priest. Shall thine be blotted out?" Tr. Sotah, fol. 36. Comp. Weil, Legenden, p. 109, n. 10 Lit. that he be imprisoned. 11 An infant in the cradle. Sepher Hadjascher, as…
The passage argues that Muhammad’s message arose from conviction about God’s unity, yet may involve self-deception, and then quotes Qur’anic-style verses calling for monotheism, debates with “People of the Book,” and moral warnings.
And the Jews plotted, and God plotted: But of those who plot is God the best. Remember when God said, "O Jesus! verily I will cause thee to die,22 and will take thee up to myself and deliver thee from those who believe not; and I will place those who follow thee above those who believe not, until the day of resurrection. Then, to me is your return, and wherein ye differ will I decide between you. And as to those wh…
In early February 1669 Pepys visits painters and virtuosi, watches court theatre, discusses legal/artistic works at Oxford, hears about Mr. Sheres’ silver candlestick, and notes conflicts around performances.
devout manner, not elegant nor very persuasive, but seems to mean well, and that he would preach holily; and was mighty passionate against people that make a scoff of religion. 1668-69. FEBRUARY 1. Meeting Mr. Povy, he and I away to Dancre's to speak something touching the pictures I am getting him to make for me, And thence he carried me to Mr. Streeter's [Robert Streater appointed Serjeant Painter at the Restora…
Pepys dines with the Spanish ambassador’s circle and uses his French and Spanish, then on 7th talks with Sir W. Coventry; on 8th he works on instructions for ship commanders and receives instruments and papers related to his Addresse to the Duke of York.
defending Cambridge against Oxford; and I made much use of my French and Spanish here, to my great content. But the dinner not extraordinary at all, either quantity or quality. 7th. Up, and by coach to Sir W. Coventry's; and there to talk with him a great deal with great content. And so to the Duke of York, having a great mind to speak to him about Tangier; but when I came to it, his interest for my Lord Middleton…
The editor describes sources for annotation, including Thomas Rugge’s “Diurnall” in the British Museum and J. E. Doyle’s Baronage, notes deciphering Pepys’s shorthand (Shelton), and thanks helpers.
pleased to illustrate his subject by quotations from Pepys, and from these books it has often been possible to find information which helps to explain difficult passages in the Diary. Much illustrative matter of value was obtained by Lord Braybrooke from the "Diurnall" of Thomas Rugge, which is preserved in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 10,116, 10,117). The following is the description of this interesting work as g…
The editor concludes with a discussion of how ‘Pepys’ was pronounced, listing competing spellings and reported family pronunciations (Peps, Peeps, Peppis) and offering a historical phonetic explanation.
the eager eyes of Pepys. It was not Pepys the official who had brought that large gathering together that day in honour of his memory: it was Pepys the Diarist." In concluding this account of the chief particulars of Pepys's life it may be well to add a few words upon the pronunciation of his name. Various attempts appear to have been made to represent this phonetically. Lord Braybrooke, in quoting the entry of deat…
It reiterates that the spelling ‘Peyps’ and ‘Peaps’ likely represented the sound ‘Pepes,’ and contrasts editor research with the Diary’s more vivid presentation of Pepys’s true character.
pronunciation of the name was fixed, but there is every reason to suppose that the spellings of Peyps and Peaps were intended to represent the sound Pepes rather than Peeps. In spite of all the research which has brought to light so many incidents of interest in the life of Samuel Pepys, we cannot but feel how dry these facts are when placed by the side of the living details of the Diary. It is in its pages that the…
Helen drugs the wine to banish sorrow, then tells Menelaus and the visitors how Ulysses disguised himself in Troy, which she recognized, while Menelaus verifies Ulysses’s endurance inside the wooden horse.
physician, for they are of the race of Paeeon. When Helen had put this drug in the bowl, and had told the servants to serve the wine round, she said: “Menelaus, son of Atreus, and you my good friends, sons of honourable men (which is as Jove wills, for he is the giver both of good and evil, and can do what he chooses), feast here as you will, and listen while I tell you a tale in season. I cannot indeed name every s…
Ulysses asks Minerva disguised as a shepherd where he is, learns he is in Ithaca, then lies about his arrival and claims he fled Crete after killing Orsilochus, until Minerva challenges and reveals her truth to him.
water never runs dry; so, sir, the name of Ithaca is known even as far as Troy, which I understand to be a long way off from this Achaean country.” Ulysses was glad at finding himself, as Minerva told him, in his own country, and he began to answer, but he did not speak the truth, and made up a lying story in the instinctive wiliness of his heart. “I heard of Ithaca,” said he, “when I was in Crete beyond the seas, …
Penelope questions the disguised Ulysses about his identity and parents, and he praises her fame while refusing to give his real lineage and warning against dwelling on grief.
and as soon as Ulysses had sat down Penelope began by saying, “Stranger, I shall first ask you who and whence are you? Tell me of your town and parents.” “Madam,” answered Ulysses, “who on the face of the whole earth can dare to chide with you? Your fame reaches the firmament of heaven itself; you are like some blameless king, who upholds righteousness, as the monarch over a great and valiant nation: the earth yield…
Ulysses gives Penelope a false Cretan genealogy and story of hospitality to a traveler, says he met Ulysses in Crete, and then she tests him by asking what Ulysses looked like and wore.
who you are and where you come from—for you must have had father and mother of some sort; you cannot be the son of an oak or of a rock.” Then Ulysses answered, “Madam, wife of Ulysses, since you persist in asking me about my family, I will answer, no matter what it costs me: people must expect to be pained when they have been exiles as long as I have, and suffered as much among as many peoples. Nevertheless, as rega…
Ulysses details clothing and identifying features of Odysseus—purple mantle, gold brooch with a dog-and-fawn design, and a distinctive shirt—then Penelope reveals she provided those items and laments Troy.
his men, as you say you did. Tell me, then, how he was dressed, what kind of a man he was to look at, and so also with his companions.” “Madam,” answered Ulysses, “it is such a long time ago that I can hardly say. Twenty years are come and gone since he left my home, and went elsewhither; but I will tell you as well as I can recollect. Ulysses wore a mantle of purple wool, double lined, and it was fastened by a gold…
Butcher and Lang argue that translation is always relative to each age’s tastes, so Homer can’t have a final English rendering; verse translators inevitably add period-style “tags,” while prose can preserve Homer’s historical truth and avoid unnecessary modern ornament.
meaning, that can be rendered in English verse. There still, however, seems an aspect Homeric poems, and a demand in connection with Homer to be recognised, and to be satisfied. Sainte-Beuve says, with reference probably to M. Leconte de Lisle’s prose version of the epics, that some people treat the epics too much as if they were sagas. Now the Homeric epics are sagas, but then they are the sagas of the divine heroi…
They further claim there can be no final English Homer translation because each must mix Greek truth with modern, temporary elements; their prose aims to be “plain and old,” retaining even double and recurring epithets.
the student of the age of Anne, looks for in verse; and without tags of this sort, a translation of Homer in verse cannot well be made to hold together. There can be then, it appears, no final English translation of Homer. In each there must be, in addition to what is Greek and eternal, the element of what is modern, personal, and fleeting. Thus we trust that there may be room for “the pale and far-off shadow of a p…
After supper Alcinous plans a dawn council and sacrifice, Odysseus refuses to seem divine, explains his need to eat despite sorrow, and Arete asks who he is and where his clothing came from.
threshold of the courtyard, and issues by the lofty house, and thence did the townsfolk draw water. These were the splendid gifts of the gods in the palace of Alcinous. There the steadfast goodly Odysseus stood and gazed. But when he had gazed at all and wondered, he passed quickly over the threshold within the house. And he found the captains and the counsellors of the Phaeacians pouring forth wine to the keen-sigh…
Alcinous stops Demodocus’s lament because the stranger keeps weeping, and asks Odysseus his name, homeland, route, and why he mourns the Trojan tale.
but Alcinous alone noted it, and was ware thereof, as he sat nigh him and heard him groaning heavily. And presently he spake among the Phaeacians, masters of the oar: “Hearken, ye captains and counsellors of the Phaeacians, and now let Demodocus hold his hand from the loud lyre, for this song of his is nowise pleasing alike to all. From the time that we began to sup, and that the divine minstrel was moved to sing, e…
Circe predicts Thrinacia’s Helios cattle will doom Odysseus’ crew if harmed, then Odysseus binds himself against the Sirens’ song using waxed ears and has the crew row past when they try to lure him.
past with all thy force, and call on Cratais, mother of Scylla, which bore her for a bane to mortals. And she will then let her from darting forth thereafter. “‘Then thou shalt come unto the isle Thrinacia; there are the many kine of Helios and his brave flocks feeding, seven herds of kine and as many goodly flocks of sheep, and fifty in each flock. They have no part in birth or in corruption, and there are goddesse…
Athene, disguised as a young herdsman, tells Odysseus his land is Ithaca and describes its fertility, prompting Odysseus to boast misleadingly and recount a fabricated voyage from Crete and Phoenicia.
had sandals bound, and a javelin in her hands. And Odysseus rejoiced as he saw her, and came over against her, and uttering his voice spake to her winged words: “Friend, since thou art the first that I have chanced on in this land, hail to thee, and with no ill-will mayest thou meet me! Nay, save this my substance and save me too, for to thee as to a god I make prayer, and to thy dear knees have I come. And herein t…
Athene tells Odysseus to disguise himself so no one recognizes him, weaken his beauty, and depart to meet Eumaeus the swineherd by the rock of Corax and spring Arethusa to learn about the wooers.
And Odysseus of many counsels answered her, saying: “Lo now, in very truth I was like to have perished in my halls by the evil doom of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, hadst not thou, goddess, declared me each thing aright. Come then, weave some counsel whereby I may requite them; and thyself stand by me, and put great boldness of spirit within me, even as in the day when we loosed the shining coronal of Troy. If but thou …
On Ithaca Telemachus rides forward and reunites with Odysseus in disguise at the swineherd’s hut, while Odysseus welcomes him emotionally like a long-absent father recognizing his son.
a kindly man, who is careful to give thee meat and drink and right well thou livest. But I have come hither still wandering through the many towns of men.” Thus they spake one with the other. Then they laid them down to sleep for no long while, but for a little space, for soon came the throned Dawn. But on the shore the company of Telemachus were striking their sails, and took down the mast quickly and rowed the shi…
Athene transforms Odysseus into youth and finery so he can secretly return to Ithaca, then Odysseus tells Telemachus he is truly his father and has come via Phaeacian help after a long absence.
bent brows, and goodly Odysseus perceived it, and came forth from the room, past the great wall of the yard, and stood before her, and Athene spake to him, saying: “Son of Laertes, of the seed of Zeus, Odysseus of many devices, now is the hour to reveal thy word to thy son, and hide it not, that ye twain having framed death and doom for the wooers, may fare to the famous town. Nor will I, even I, be long away from y…
The Ithacan wooers feast by the palace, while Medon urges them to eat in time; meanwhile Odysseus, disguised with Eumaeus, travels into town toward Odysseus’s house near the spring and altar to the Nymphs.
thy word may be accomplished! Soon shouldest thou be aware of kindness and of many a gift at my hands, so that whoso met with thee would call thee blessed.” Thus they spake one to the other. But the wooers meantime were before the palace of Odysseus, taking their pleasure in casting of weights and of spears on a levelled place, as heretofore, in their insolence. But when it was now the hour for supper, and the flock…
Odysseus invents a travel narrative: he claims he lived in Crete for a time, gave guest-gifts to the real Odysseus after a storm, and describes how long his party stayed before sailing on.
And Odysseus of many counsels answered her and said: “O wife revered of Odysseus, son of Laertes, wilt thou never have done asking me about mine own race? Nay, but I will tell thee: yet surely thou wilt give me over to sorrows yet more than those wherein I am holden, for so it ever is when a man has been afar from his own country, so long as now I am, wandering in sore pain to many cities of mortals. Yet even so I w…
Odysseus continues his account by describing the clothing and entourage of Odysseus at Crete, listing specific tokens, which Penelope recognizes as having been made and given to her husband.
me what manner of raiment he was clothed in about his body, and what manner of man he was himself, and tell me of his fellows that went with him.” Then Odysseus of many counsels answered her saying: “Lady, it is hard for one so long parted from him to tell thee all this, for it is now the twentieth year since he went thither and left my country. Yet even so I will tell thee as I see him in spirit. Goodly Odysseus wo…
Eurycleia wakes Penelope to announce Odysseus’s return and massacre of the wooers, but Penelope suspects divine trickery; she asks for verification, including Odysseus’s scar token known to them both.
Odysseus maketh himself known to Penelope, tells his adventures briefly, and in the morning goes to Laertes and makes himself known to him. Then the ancient woman went up into the upper chamber laughing aloud, to tell her mistress how her dear lord was within, and her knees moved fast for joy, and her feet stumbled one over the other; and she stood above the lady’s head and spake to her, saying: “Awake, Penelope, d…
Penelope struggles to speak face-to-face with Odysseus as she wonders if he truly is her husband in disguised rags, and Telemachus rebukes her while she insists on secret tokens to confirm identity.
[40] Reading σφῶι . . . . ἀμφοτέρω. Then wise Penelope answered her: “Dear nurse, boast not yet over them with laughter. Thou knowest how welcome the sight of him would be in the halls to all, and to me in chief, and to his son that we got between us. But this is no true tale, as thou declarest it, nay but it is one of the deathless gods that hath slain the proud wooers, in wrath at their bitter insolence and evil d…
Penelope questions Odysseus as a stranger and then prepares the bridal bed, but Odysseus proves his identity by describing how he built the bed from an olive tree.
he came, in form like to the immortals. Then he sat down again on the high seat, whence he had arisen, over against his wife, and spake to her, saying: “Strange lady, surely to thee above all womankind the Olympians have given a heart that cannot be softened. No other woman in the world would harden her heart to stand thus aloof from her husband, who after much travail and sore had come to her, in the twentieth year…
He describes how breeders and plant cultivators are convinced each breed comes from distinct species, and he warns naturalists against neglecting long chains of accumulated differences.
descended from the same parents—may they not learn a lesson of caution, when they deride the idea of species in a state of nature being lineal descendants of other species? *Selection*.—Let us now briefly consider the steps by which domestic races have been produced, either from one or from several allied species. Some little effect may, perhaps, be attributed to the direct action of the external conditions of life,…
Darwin transitions to variation in nature, discussing variability among species, the challenge of defining “species” versus “variety,” and whether even environmentally induced forms like Baltic shell dwarfs could be inherited.
VARIATION UNDER NATURE. Variability. Individual differences. Doubtful species. Wide ranging, much diffused, and common species vary most. Species of the larger genera in any country vary more than the species of the smaller genera. Many of the species of the larger genera resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related to each other, and in having restricted ranges. Before applying the principles a…
Darwin says doubtful forms closely allied to others and linked by intermediates often drive the hardest decisions about species versus variety, with classification sometimes relying on analogy and majority expert judgement.
structure which are of no service or disservice to the species, and which consequently have not been seized on and rendered definite by natural selection, as hereafter will be explained. Those forms which possess in some considerable degree the character of species, but which are so closely similar to some other forms, or are so closely linked to them by intermediate gradations, that naturalists do not like to rank …
He illustrates taxonomic disagreement by comparing botanists’ different species counts and shows how the same forms are treated as species or varieties depending on country, expertise, and distance between populations.
many cases, decide by a majority of naturalists, for few well-marked and well-known varieties can be named which have not been ranked as species by at least some competent judges. That varieties of this doubtful nature are far from uncommon cannot be disputed. Compare the several floras of Great Britain, of France or of the United States, drawn up by different botanists, and see what a surprising number of forms hav…
Darwin extends the principle, arguing that specific characters tend to be more variable than generic ones because specific differences arose more recently, whereas generic similarities reflect deeper inherited history and relative constancy.
the continued selection of the individuals varying in the required manner and degree, and by the continued rejection of those tending to revert to a former and less modified condition. The principle included in these remarks may be extended. It is notorious that specific characters are more variable than generic. To explain by a simple example what is meant. If some species in a large genus of plants had blue flower…
He discusses how reversion can persist across generations and still be inherited after crossing, proposes tendencies to reproduce lost characters, and notes how varieties and species can be hard to distinguish.
a rudiment inherited: for instance, in the common snapdragon (Antirrhinum) a rudiment of a fifth stamen so often appears, that this plant must have an inherited tendency to produce it. As all the species of the same genus are supposed, on my theory, to have descended from a common parent, it might be expected that they would occasionally vary in an analogous manner; so that a variety of one species would resemble in…
Darwin discusses resemblance between offspring and parents, including claims about prepotency and reciprocal crosses, notes monstrous traits in sudden reversions among hybrid cases, and concludes similarity supports no essential species-variety distinction.
and so it is with mongrels from a reciprocal cross. Both hybrids and mongrels can be reduced to either pure parent-form, by repeated crosses in successive generations with either parent. These several remarks are apparently applicable to animals; but the subject is here excessively complicated, partly owing to the existence of secondary sexual characters; but more especially owing to prepotency in transmitting liken…
He argues that physiological importance does not determine classificatory value, that rudimentary organs can be highly informative, and that classifications work by correlations among multiple traits.
on which their whole life depends, are of little signification, excepting in the first main divisions; whereas the organs of reproduction, with their product the seed, are of paramount importance! We must not, therefore, in classifying, trust to resemblances in parts of the organisation, however important they may be for the welfare of the being in relation to the outer world. Perhaps from this cause it has partly a…
Darwin compares classification to language family pedigrees and to domestic varietal groupings, warning against grouping solely by surface similarity (e.g., pine-apple) and emphasizing inheritance from a common stock.
a pedigree; but the degrees of modification which the different groups have undergone, have to be expressed by ranking them under different so-called genera, sub-families, families, sections, orders, and classes. It may be worth while to illustrate this view of classification, by taking the case of languages. If we possessed a perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man would afford t…
He claims that naturalists already use descent in practice by treating males, hermaphrodites, larval stages, alternation of generations, monsters, and orchid forms as one species when they are linked by development and origin.
the Hottentot had descended from the Negro, I think he would be classed under the Negro group, however much he might differ in colour and other important characters from negroes. With species in a state of nature, every naturalist has in fact brought descent into his classification; for he includes in his lowest grade, or that of a species, the two sexes; and how enormously these sometimes differ in the most importa…
Darwin argues that classification relies on descent even when relationships are inferred, so systematists prefer characters least likely shaped by recent conditions, including rudimentary or correlated traits like jaw shape and wing folding.
have to be classed under the bear genus. The whole case is preposterous; for where there has been close descent in common, there will certainly be close resemblance or affinity. As descent has universally been used in classing together the individuals of the same species, though the males and females and larvæ are sometimes extremely different; and as it has been used in classing varieties which have undergone a cer…
Darwin urges that studying natural history will open a new inquiry into variation and its causes, arguing classifications should reflect genealogies and tracing descent using inherited characters and embryology.
reason, and even the blunders of numerous workmen; when we thus view each organic being, how far more interesting, I speak from experience, will the study of natural history become! A grand and almost untrodden field of inquiry will be opened, on the causes and laws of variation, on correlation of growth, on the effects of use and disuse, on the direct action of external conditions, and so forth. The study of domest…
Du Bois describes how white society treats him as a “problem,” recounts his childhood moment of realizing he was different, and develops the idea of “double-consciousness” as a split between being American and being Negro.
ARTHUR SYMONS. Between me and the other world there is ever an unasked question: unasked by some through feelings of delicacy; by others through the difficulty of rightly framing it. All, nevertheless, flutter round it. They approach me in a half-hesitant sort of way, eye me curiously or compassionately, and then, instead of saying directly, How does it feel to be a problem? they say, I know an excellent colored man…
Du Bois proclaims that, despite racial barriers, he reads and walks with canonical Western authors, calling on America to change, then shifts into “Of the Black Belt,” introducing Georgia as the geographic center of the Negro problem.
souls, the chance to soar in the dim blue air above the smoke is to their finer spirits boon and guerdon for what they lose on earth by being black. I sit with Shakespeare and he winces not. Across the color line I move arm in arm with Balzac and Dumas, where smiling men and welcoming women glide in gilded halls. From out the caves of evening that swing between the strong-limbed earth and the tracery of the stars, I…
This passage presents editorial and structural notes for an English Bible edition, stating Tyndale’s Pentateuch translation was published in 1530, with the text retaining wording but modernizing spelling and noting variants from Coverdale or Matthew’s Bible.
The Pentateuch first translated from Hebrew to English by William Tyndale, published in 1530. This edition has the same wording, but modernized spelling. Words found in {[Braquets]} are variants from either Coverdale 1535 or Matthew's Bible 1537. CONTENTS TO GO STRAIGHT TO The First Book of Moses, called Genesis The Second Book of Moses, called Exodus The Third Book of Moses, called Leviticus The Fourth Book of M…
Genesis 2 explains God’s seventh-day rest, then describes Adam’s formation from earth, God planting Eden, rivers including Pison, Gihon, Hidekell, and Euphrates, the forbidden tree of knowledge, and Eve’s creation from Adam’s rib.
Thus was heaven and earth finished with all their apparel: and in the seventh day God ended his work which he had made and rested in the seventh day from all his works which he had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it, for in it he rested from all his works which he had created and made. These are the generations of heaven and earth when they were created, in the time when the LORD God created hea…
The people of the world in “one tongue” build brick and a tower at Sinear; God confounds languages, scatters them as Babel, and then provides genealogies from Shem to Terah.
And all the world was of one tongue and one language. And as they came from the east, they found a plain in the land of Sinear, and there they dwelled. And they said one to another: come on, let us make brick and burn it with fire. So brick was their stone and slime was their mortar. And they said: Come on, let us build us a city and a tower, that the top may reach unto heaven. And let us make us a name, for peradven…
Sarai gives her Egyptian maid Hagar to Abram; Hagar conceives and despises Sarai, then flees, but the angel instructs her to return, promises Ishmael, and names the well “the well of the living that seeth me.”
Sarai Abram's wife bare him no children. But she had an hand maid an Egyptian, whose name was Hagar. Wherefore she said unto Abram: Behold the LORD hath closed me, that I can not bear. I pray thee go in unto my maid, peradventure I shall be multiplied by means of her; And Abram heard the voice of Sarai. Then Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian (after Abram had dwelled ten years in the land of Canaan) …
God gives Moses signs (serpent rod, leprous hand, river-to-blood) and addresses Moses’ speech fears by appointing Aaron as spokesman; Moses returns to Egypt, faces the danger in an inn, circumcision is performed, and Aaron meets him and the elders believe.
Moses answered and said: See, they will not believe me nor hearken unto my voice: but will say, the LORD hath not appeared unto thee. Then the LORD said unto him: what is that in thine hand? and he said, a rod. And he said, cast it on the ground, and it turned unto a serpent. And Moses ran away from it. And the LORD said unto Moses: put forth thine hand and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand and caught it…
The LORD tells Moses he will redeem Israel with a mighty hand, explains the promise to the patriarchs, commands Moses to confront Pharaoh, and records genealogies for Reuben, Simeon, and Levi leading to Moses and Aaron.
Then the LORD said unto Moses. Now shalt thou see what I will do unto Pharao, for with a mighty hand shall he let them go, and with a mighty hand shall he drive them out of his land. And God spake unto Moses saying unto him: I am the LORD, and I appeared unto Abraham, Isaac and Iacob an almighty God: but in my name Iehouah was I not known unto them. Moreover I made an appointment with them to give them the land of Ca…
Israel eats manna through until the borders of Canaan, with the text explaining that a gomer is the tenth part of an Epha.
And so they ate Man, even until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan, and a gomer is the tenth part of an Epha.
Israel is instructed to internalize God’s laws through teaching children and binding them as reminders, to avoid strange gods, avoid testing God, and interpret the covenant for future generations.
These are the commandments, ordinances and laws which the LORD your God commanded to teach you, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go to possess it: that thou mightest fear the LORD thy God, to keep all his ordinances and his commandments which I command thee, both thou and thy son and thy son's son all days of thy life, that thy days may be prolonged. Hear therefore Israel and take heed that thou do therea…
The Gospel of Matthew’s opening traces Jesus’ genealogy from Abraham to David, then to Joseph, and recounts the virgin conception, Jesus’ naming, and Joseph’s obedience to an angelic message.
Iudas begat Phares: and Zaram of Thamar: Phares begat Esrom: Esrom begat Aram: Aram begat Aminadab: Aminadab begat Naasson: Naasson begat Salmon: Salmon begat Boos of Rahab: Boos begat Obed of Ruth: Obed begat Iesse: Iesse begat David the king: David the king begat Solomon, of her that was the wife of Ury: Solomon begat Roboam: Roboam begat Abia: Abia begat Asa: Asa begat Iosaphat: Iosaphat begat Ioram…
This passage continues: Jesus’s baptism includes the Spirit descending like a dove, then gives Jesus’s age and lengthy genealogy back to Adam and God, and transitions to Jesus fasting and being tempted in the wilderness.
Tetrach (when he was rebuked of him for Herodias his brother Philippe's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done) added this above all, and laid Ihon prison. And it fortuned as all the people received baptism (And when Iesus was baptised and did pray) that heaven was opened, and the holy ghost came down in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, And a voice came from heaven, saying: Thou art my dear son, In the…
Paul is taken to Athens, debates in synagogues and the market, preaches the “unknown God” to philosophers, is met with mockery, then leaves with converts including Dionysius and Damaris.
abode there still. They that guided Paul brought him unto Athens, and received a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him at once. And came their way. While Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was moved in him to see the city given to worshipping of images. Then he disputed in the synagogue with the jews, and with the devout persons, And in the market daily with them that came unto him. Certain…
Tyndale’s text warns that the tongue corrupts the whole person and causes blessing and cursing from the same source, then exhorts believers to reject bitter envy, seek “wisdom from above,” and live in peace.
the tongue set among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and setteth a fire all that we have of nature, and is itself set afire, even of hell. All the natures of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and things of the sea, are meeked and tamed of the nature of man. But the tongue can no man tame. It is an unruly evil full of deadly poison. Therewith bless we God the father, and therewith curse we men whic…
The editor justifies keeping Tyndale’s archaic spellings and typography and then explains word-level renderings (e.g., “como,” “gospel,” “lowse,” “thorow”) plus the significance of “ye/you” vs “thee/thou” for meaning.
this lamb was offered at the first passover in egypt. (also pascha : or paschal lamb; that Christ the Lord fulfilled by shedding his precious blood for us at calvary) c.) IESUS, IESU : "J" was not used in the original W.T. English for words (although is used as a 1 roman numeral .j.) William Tyndale like most early translators were very accurate in rendering the name of the Lord from the original tongue. The name of…
The passage argues that scriptural promises should not be limited to one addressee, then explains archaic English verb endings (-est/-st, -eth/-th) with Bible quotations and defines many glossary terms.
to: "you and your"; as there would be no way to distinguish if the scriptural promises or directives are addressed to a given individual or to the people of God. B.) How important is the poetic beauty and depth of archaic verb endings : 1.) -est or -st : Used to form the archaic second person singular (thee, thou.. etc) of English verbs: comest thou to me? "And he said unto Iesus: Lord remember me when thou comest…
Continuing the glossary, it defines further archaic word forms and terms, including “draught,” “durst,” festival names like “Ester,” and many lexical items tied to Bible verses.
draught : natural movement. Or that which is drawn; as: That which is taken by sweeping with a net. Luke v. durst : a past tense and a past participle of dare. egal : equal, impartial egalness : impartiality eschew : to escape from, to avoid, shun ere : before, sooner than, ever err, erre : error, stray from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. ester: exact spelling; interpreted as passover, easter, th…