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Themistocles

6 passages · search this phrase →

Often appears with: naval warfare and sea power · strategy and the aims of war · salamis · eurybiades · counsel and advisers to rulers · tribute and fleets · the passions and the emotions · taxation, tribute, and revenue · rival motives in war · rhetoric and persuasion · naval power · naval battle

Usually: narrative (4) · curiosity (3) · detachment (3) · ambition and its cost (2) · confronting death (2) · argument (1) · speech or oration (1) · betrayal (1)

Quotable
“Here,” says he, “they are not philosophers, to whom it is easy in their schools to establish the finest maxims and most sublime rules of morality, who decide that interest ought never to prevail above justice.” David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature · observation
“The image of the past pleasure being strong and violent, bestows these qualities on the idea of the future pleasure, which is connected with it by the relation of resemblance.” David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature · insight
“And herein they judged rightly, for disagreement between those of the same race is worse than war undertaken with one consent by as much as war is worse than peace.” Herodotus, The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 · insight
“for never could the power of the Athenians get the better of their inability.” Herodotus, The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 · insight

The History of the Peloponnesian War primary

Thucydides · Composed beginning at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War (traditionally 431 BCE); continued thereafter (Book I–VIII survive; work unfinished).
BOOK I > CHAPTER III (6/11)

Athens argues that its ships, Themistocles, and uncompromising patriotism secured the Hellenic fleet’s success, and that keeping an empire was driven by fear, later by honor and interest.

invader himself. Defeated at sea, he considered his power to be no longer what it had been, and retired as speedily as possible with the greater part of his army. “Such, then, was the result of the matter, and it was clearly proved that it was on the fleet of Hellas that her cause depended. Well, to this result we contributed three very useful elements, viz., the largest number of ships, the ablest commander, and th…

A Treatise of Human Nature primary

David Hume · 1739
BOOK I OF THE UNDERSTANDING > PART III OF THE WILL AND DIRECT PASSIONS (18/35)

Hume argues that imagination and belief drive the passions, explains how memory, life-suitability, eloquence, and sympathy amplify emotions, and then recounts Themistocles and Aristides’ proposal fire the Greek fleet that Athens rejected as unjust.

that nothing could be more advantageous than the design of Themistocles but at the same time that nothing could be more unjust: Upon which the people unanimously rejected the project. A late celebrated historian[1] admires this passage of antient history, as one of the most singular that is any where to be met. [1] Mons. Rollin {Charles Rollin, HISTOIRE ANCIENNE.(Paris 1730-38)}. "Here," says he, "they are not phi…

The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 secondary

Herodotus · 5th century BCE (Book V; overall composition of Histories spans roughly mid-5th century BCE)
BOOK V. THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED TERPSICHORE > BOOK VIII. THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED URANIA (1/49)

Herodotus lists Greek contingents at Artemision, explains why Spartans received supreme command under Eurybiades, and narrates how Euboeans persuade Themistocles to keep the fleet fighting offshore.

1. Those of the Hellenes who had been appointed to serve in the fleet were these:—the Athenians furnished a hundred and twenty-seven ships, and the Plataians moved by valour and zeal for the service, although they had had no practice in seamanship, yet joined with the Athenians in manning their ships. The Corinthians furnished forty ships, the Megarians twenty; the Chalkidians manned twenty ships with which the Athen…

The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 secondary

Herodotus · 5th century BCE (Book V; overall composition of Histories spans roughly mid-5th century BCE)
BOOK V. THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED TERPSICHORE > BOOK VIII. THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED URANIA (15/49)

At Salamis, Themistocles learns that the allied Greek fleet will sail to the Isthmus, warns that it will disperse and doom Hellas, and persuades Eurybiades and the commanders to reconsider.

it was finally decided to fight at sea in defence of the Isthmus. So night came on, and they having been dismissed from the council were going to their ships: 57, and when Themistocles had come to his ship, Mnesiphilos an Athenian asked him what they had resolved; and being informed by him that it had been determined to take out the ships to the Isthmus and fight a battle by sea in defence of the Peloponnese, he sai…

The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 secondary

Herodotus · 5th century BCE (Book V; overall composition of Histories spans roughly mid-5th century BCE)
BOOK V. THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED TERPSICHORE > BOOK VIII. THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED URANIA (24/49)

Herodotus describes how the Greek fleet completed its force of 380 ships, with Themistocles rallying the crews at dawn and ordering them back to their ships before the Persian-Greeks battle begins at sea.

the naval force of the Hellenes was completed to the number of three hundred and eighty ships, for before this two ships were yet wanting to make up this number. 83. The Hellenes then, since they believed that which was said by the Tenians, were preparing for a sea-fight: and as the dawn appeared, they made an assembly of those who fought on board the ships 50 and addressed them, Themistocles making a speech which w…

The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 secondary

Herodotus · 5th century BCE (Book V; overall composition of Histories spans roughly mid-5th century BCE)
BOOK V. THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED TERPSICHORE > BOOK VIII. THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED URANIA (34/49)

Themistocles sends threats to other islands for money, while Andros refuses due to its “deities” of Poverty and Helplessness; some islands pay, enabling Themistocles to gain funds independently.

to pursue after thy ships and to destroy the bridges on the Hellespont. Now therefore thou mayest make thy way home quite undisturbed." They having signified this sailed away again. 111. The Hellenes meanwhile, having resolved not to pursue after the ships of the Barbarians further, nor to sail to the Hellespont to break up the passage, were investing Andros intending to take it: for the Andrians were the first of t…