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Stoic-like evaluation

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Often appears with: the fear of death · pleasure, pain, and the good life · judging happiness after death · fortune’s mutability · fate, destiny, and necessity · death as final judgment

Usually: argument (1) · confronting death (1) · sudden reversal of fortune (1) · detachment (1)

Essays of Michel de Montaigne — Volume 03 primary

Michel de Montaigne · c. 1580s (original Composition of the Essays; Volume 3 contains later revisions/additions)
CHAPTER XIII > CHAPTER XVIII (1/2)

Montaigne argues that people should not be judged happy until after death, using examples like King Croesus, Pompey, Agesilaus’s remarks, and others to show Fortune’s reversals, concluding that death reveals one’s true self.

THAT MEN ARE NOT TO JUDGE OF OUR HAPPINESS TILL AFTER DEATH. [Charron has borrowed with unusual liberality from this and the succeeding chapter. See Nodier, Questions, p. 206.] "Scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est; dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo supremaque funera debet." ["We should all look forward to our last day: no one can be called happy till he is dead…