HKB
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Often appears with: justice as a virtue · the passions and the emotions · fate, destiny, and necessity · duty, conscience, and obligation · reason and the intellect · will, choice, and freedom · the fear of death · education and the training of the young · temperance and self-mastery · sin, guilt, and repentance · religious persecution and toleration · marriage and betrothal
Usually: argument (451) · detachment (319) · exhortation (198) · temptation (147) · censure (138) · reflection (135) · skepticism (99) · curiosity (80) · confronting death (67) · wonder (67)
“Man is the greatest enemy of man. Oppression, injustice, contempt, contumely, violence, sedition, war, calumny, treachery, fraud; by these they mutually torment each other;” David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion · observation
“His power we allow is infinite: whatever he wills is executed: but neither man nor any other animal is happy; therefore he does not will their happiness.” David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion · insight
“To the groves, ye sexless eunuchs, in assembly to Cybele, Lost sheep that err rebellious to the lady Dindymene;” Gaius Valerius Catullus (translated by Robinson Ellis), The Poems and Fragments of Catullus · observation
“Since then, as philosophers prove, appearance tyrannizes over truth and is lord of happiness, to appearance I must devote myself.” Plato, The Republic · observation
“But, on the whole, tho' I never arrived at the perfection I had been so ambitious of obtaining, but fell far short of it, yet I was, by the endeavour, a better and a happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not attempted it;” Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin · insight
“Yes, I said; his life is motley and manifold and an epitome of the lives of many;--he answers to the State which we described as fair and spangled.” Plato, The Republic · vivid
“This then is an appearance only and not a reality; that is to say, the rest is pleasure at the moment and in comparison of what is painful, and painful in comparison of what is pleasant; but all these representations, when tried by the test of true pleasure, are not real but a sort of imposition?” Plato, The Republic · insight
“Those then who know not wisdom and virtue, and are always busy with gluttony and sensuality, go down and up again as far as the mean; and in this region they move at random throughout life.” Plato, The Republic · vivid
“And to him the supporter of justice makes answer that he should ever so speak and act as to give the man within him in some way or other the most complete mastery over the entire human creature.” Plato, The Republic · insight
“The best of us, as I conceive, when we listen to a passage of Homer, or one of the tragedians, in which he represents some pitiful hero who is drawling out his sorrows in a long oration, or weeping, and smiting his breast— the best of us, you know, delight in giving way to sympathy, and are in raptures at the excellence of the poet who stirs our feelings most.” Plato, The Republic · observation
“For if you go beyond this and allow the honeyed muse to enter, either in epic or lyric verse, not law and the reason of mankind, which by common consent have ever been deemed best, but pleasure and pain will be the rulers in our State.” Plato, The Republic · insight
“Work, culture, liberty,—all these we need, not singly but together, not successively but together, each growing and aiding each, and all striving toward that vaster ideal that swims before the Negro people, the ideal of human brotherhood.” W. E. B. Du Bois (William Edward Burghardt Du Bois), The Souls of Black Folk · precept
Pepys records renewed plague counts, court movements to Audley End, personal reconciliations with Sir William Coventry, visits to the Duke of Albemarle, and a reflection on enjoying pleasure while wealth-building rather than after.
take pleasure during the time that they are getting their estate, but reserve that till they have got one, and then it is too late for them to enjoy it. 12th. My Uncle Talbot Pepys died the last week. All the news now is, that Sir Jeremy Smith is at Cales [Cadiz.] with his fleet; and Mings in the Elve. The King is come this noon to town from Audly End, with the Duke of York and a fine train of gentlemen. 13th. …
Lowell’s speech continues by interpreting Pepys as a ‘Philistine’ type whose naivete and sincerity make the Diary uniquely valuable, likened partly to Falstaff and compared with L’Estoile.
the highest pretender. Discharging his duty to his Prince and country with a religious application and perfect integrity, he feared no one, courted no one, and neglected his own fortune.' "That was a character drawn, it was true, by a friendly hand, but to those who were familiar with the life of Pepys, the praise hardly seemed exaggerated. As regarded his official life, it was unnecessary to dilate …
Helen drugs the wine to banish sorrow, then tells Menelaus and the visitors how Ulysses disguised himself in Troy, which she recognized, while Menelaus verifies Ulysses’s endurance inside the wooden horse.
physician, for they are of the race of Paeeon. When Helen had put this drug in the bowl, and had told the servants to serve the wine round, she said: “Menelaus, son of Atreus, and you my good friends, sons of honourable men (which is as Jove wills, for he is the giver both of good and evil, and can do what he chooses), feast here as you will, and listen while I tell you a tale in season. I cannot indeed name every s…
Odysseus and Achilles’ shade argue about the value of life versus rule among the dead, and Achilles laments his past glory, then asks about Peleus, Neoptolemus, and whether his father still receives honor.
through the counsels of woman from of old. For Helen’s sake so many of us perished, and now Clytemnestra hath practised treason against thee, while yet thou wast afar off.’ “Even so I spake, and anon he answered me, saying: ‘Wherefore do thou too, never henceforth be soft even to thy wife, neither show her all the counsel that thou knowest, but a part declare and let part be hid. Yet shalt not thou, Odysseus, find d…
Odysseus tests Eumaeus by telling a past winter-ambush story about needing a mantle, ends by eliciting mercy and promises of future help, and Eumaeus replies with assurance about giving clothing to supplicants.
swineherd, and see whether he would take off his own mantle and give it to him or bid one of his company strip, since he cared for him so greatly: “Listen now, Eumaeus, and all of you his companions, with a prayer will I utter my word; so bids me witless wine, which drives even the wisest to sing and to laugh softly, and rouses him to dance, yea and makes him to speak out a word which were better unspoken. Howbeit, …
Du Bois says prejudice forced self-questioning and attacks on education, yet argues the situation produced a better understanding of progress, demanding combined work, culture, liberty, and the pursuit of brotherhood.
black, from Toussaint to the devil,—before this there rises a sickening despair that would disarm and discourage any nation save that black host to whom “discouragement” is an unwritten word. But the facing of so vast a prejudice could not but bring the inevitable self-questioning, self-disparagement, and lowering of ideals which ever accompany repression and breed in an atmosphere of contempt and hate. Whisperings …
At meals with Pharisees, Jesus teaches humility in seating, commands inviting the poor rather than wealthy for recompense, and teaches discipleship’s costs and the necessity of self-denial.
have an ass, or an ox, fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the saboth day? And they could not answer him again to that. He put forth a similitude to the guests, when he marked how they pressed to the highest rooms, and said unto them: When thou art bidden to a wedding of any man, sit not down in the highest room, lest a more honorable man than thou be bidden of him, and he that bade both him …
Paul praises the Philippians for renewed support, explains his contentment through Christ, thanks God, and then begins his letter to the Colossians with thanksgiving for faith, love, and hope in heaven.
shew your petition unto God in prayer and supplication with giving of thanks. And the peace of God which passeth all understanding keep your hearts, and minds in Christ Iesu. Furthermore brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things pertain to love, whatsoever things are of honest report, if there be any virtuous thing, i…
2 Peter characterizes false prophets and teachers as living for pleasure, speaking swelling vanity, promising liberty while enslaved to corruption, and turning back after escaping—ending with warnings about worse later outcomes.
son of Bosor, which loved the reward of unrighteousness: but was rebuked of his iniquity. The tame and dumb beast, speaking with man's voice forbade the foolishness of the prophet. These are wells without water, and clouds carried about of a tempest, to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever. For when they have spoken the swelling words of vanity, they beguile with wantonness thorow the lusts of the flesh th…
Tyndale’s text warns that the tongue corrupts the whole person and causes blessing and cursing from the same source, then exhorts believers to reject bitter envy, seek “wisdom from above,” and live in peace.
the tongue set among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and setteth a fire all that we have of nature, and is itself set afire, even of hell. All the natures of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and things of the sea, are meeked and tamed of the nature of man. But the tongue can no man tame. It is an unruly evil full of deadly poison. Therewith bless we God the father, and therewith curse we men whic…
In Federalist No. 10, Madison defines faction, distinguishes methods to cure it by removing causes or controlling effects, rejects abolishing liberty as worse than faction, and compares liberty to air fueling fire.
The Same Subject Continued (The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection) From the Daily Advertiser. Thursday, November 22, 1787. MADISON To the People of the State of New York: AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments neve…
This passage continues Rodwell’s commentary and then presents Sura LXXIII “The Enfolded” (Mecca), commanding night prayer, measured recitation of the Qur’an, patience toward opponents, and devotion to God amid warnings of judgment and resurrection.
_______________________ 1 This Sura is placed by Muir in the “second stage” of Meccan Suras, and twenty-first in chronological order, in the third or fourth year of the Prophet’s career. According, however, to the chronological list of Suras given by Weil (Leben M. p. 364) from ancient tradition, as well as from the consentient voice of tradionists and commentaries (v. Nöld. Geschichte, p. 69; Sprenger’s Life of Mo…
Washington recounts wearing uncomfortable wooden shoes and suffering from new flax shirts, and credits his brother John with a protective act of wearing the shirt until it “broke in.”
straits. Parched corn was used for coffee, and a kind of black molasses was used instead of sugar. Many times nothing was used to sweeten the so-called tea and coffee. The first pair of shoes that I recall wearing were wooden ones. They had rough leather on the top, but the bottoms, which were about an inch thick, were of wood. When I walked they made a fearful noise, and besides this they were very inconvenient, si…
Washington describes teaching students in a one-room cabin, noting their grammar memorization without real-life use, their misunderstandings, and the school’s early growth toward needing practical education.
high school, sitting down in a one-room cabin, with grease on his clothing, filth all around him, and weeds in the yard and garden, engaged in studying a French grammar. The students who came first seemed to be fond of memorizing long and complicated “rules” in grammar and mathematics, but had little thought or knowledge of applying these rules to their everyday affairs of their life. One subject which they liked to…
He describes how he spends much time traveling, his “solid rest” with family at Tuskegee, nature walks, gardening, and raising pigs, while noting little interest in games like football or cards.
him strong and healthy. I believe that when one can grow to the point where he loves his work, this gives him a kind of strength that is most valuable. When I begin my work in the morning, I expect to have a successful and pleasant day of it, but at the same time I prepare myself for unpleasant and unexpected hard places. I prepared myself to hear that one of our school buildings is on fire, or has burned, or that s…
The author argues that lasting glory comes from intellectual power, not wealth or beauty, and that success in war requires both planning by intellect and prompt execution by strength together.
short, to make the remembrance of us as lasting as possible. For the glory of wealth and beauty is fleeting and perishable; that of intellectual power is illustrious and immortal.[10] Yet it was long a subject of dispute among mankind, whether military efforts were more advanced by strength of body, or by force of intellect. For, in affairs of war, it is necessary to plan before beginning to act,[11] and, after plan…
Sallust explains how party conflict at Rome grew after Carthage’s destruction—prosperity enabled pride and factions, leading nobles to suppress the Gracchi and later civil discord, and he returns to the war narrative.
great rigor and violence, under the influence of common rumor and popular caprice; for the insolence of success, which had often distinguished the nobility, on this occasion characterized the people. XLI. The prevalence of parties among the people, and of factions in the senate, and of all evil practices attendant on them, had its origin at Rome, a few years before, during a period of tranquillity, and amid the abun…
The government and court respond by encouraging prayers, fasting, and shutting down plays and gaming; but Defoe insists common people swing to new extremes—quacks selling pills and posted cure advertisements.
which multiplied and began to debauch the manners of the people, were shut up and suppressed; and the jack-puddings, merry-andrews, puppet-shows, rope-dancers, and such-like doings, which had bewitched the poor common people, shut up their shops, finding indeed no trade; for the minds of the people were agitated with other things, and a kind of sadness and horror at these things sa…
Plutarch tells anecdotes about Solon courting wisdom, Thales’ counsel about marriage, and debates over grief and affection, arguing that reason and morality—not refusing attachment—protect people from suffering.
agreed with the conjecture of Anacharsis than Solon's hope. Anacharsis, being once at the assembly, expressed his wonder at the fact that in Greece wise men spoke and fools decided. Solon went, they say, to Thales at Miletus, and wondered that Thales took no care to get him a wife and children. To this, Thales made no answer for the present; but, a few days after, procured a stranger to pretend that he had left Ath…
Plutarch recounts Solon’s meeting with Croesus: Solon refuses to flatter wealth, defines true happiness as lasting until life’s end, and distinguishes safe praise from premature certainty.
happy island while I sail, Let Cyprus send for me a favoring gale; May she advance, and bless your new command, Prosper your town, and send me safe to land. That Solon should discourse with Croesus, some think not agreeable with chronology; but I cannot reject so famous and well-attested a narrative, and, what is more, so agreeable to Solon's temper, and so worthy his wisdom and greatness of mind, because, forsooth,…
Pericles’ friends praise his achievements as he nears death; he corrects their focus by saying no Athenian wore mourning because of him, and Plutarch praises his mild, dispassionate character.
that the women had hung about his neck; as much as to say, that he was very sick indeed when he would admit of such a foolery as that was. When he was now near his end, the best of the citizens and those of his friends who were left alive, sitting about him, were speaking of the greatness of his merit, and his power, and reckoning up his famous actions and the number of his victories; for there were no less than nin…
Alcibiades’ character is further explained through rumors from Antiphon, then through Socrates’ influence—showing how Alcibiades learns self-control, despises certain pleasures, and alternates insolence with selective kindness.
how Alcibiades despised playing on the flute, and ridiculed those who studied it. In consequence of which, it ceased to be reckoned amongst the liberal accomplishments, and became generally neglected. It is stated in the invective which Antiphon wrote against Alcibiades, that once, when he was a boy, he ran away to the house of Democrates, one of those who made a favorite of him, and that Ariphron had determined to …
The procession continues with Perseus in black, his request not to be paraded, and the Romans’ tears for his children, followed by Aemilius’s laurel-crowned appearance and the framing of fortune.
the Romans upon the infants; and many of them could not forbear tears, and all beheld the sight with a mixture of sorrow and pleasure, until the children were passed. After his children and their attendants came Perseus himself, clad all in black, and wearing the boots of his country; and looking like one altogether stunned and deprived of reason, through the greatness of his misfortunes. Next followed a great comp…
Cineas reasons with Pyrrhus that conquering the Romans will lead to controlling all Italy, then Sicily and beyond, ending in a life of ease; Pyrrhus is troubled by the happiness he will lose.
-- the force of words Can do whate'er is done by conquering swords. And Pyrrhus was used to say, that Cineas had taken more towns with his words, than he with his arms, and always did him the honor to employ him in his most important occasions. This person, seeing Pyrrhus eagerly preparing for Italy, led him one day when he was at leisure into the following reasonings: "The Romans, sir, are reported to be great wa…
Sulla holds lavish feasts, divorces Metella on religious grounds, and at a gladiator show courts Valeria; his indulgence with entertainers and illnesses culminates in a fatal parasitic skin disease.
amount, and spared no cost. He transgressed, likewise, his own sumptuary laws respecting expenditure in banquets, thinking to allay his grief by luxurious drinking parties and revelings with common buffoons. Some few months after, at a show of gladiators, when men and women sat promiscuously in the theater, no distinct places being as yet appointed, there sat down by Sylla a beautiful woman of high birth, by name Va…
Stories about Pompey’s sexual conduct and household restraint are told, including Flora the courtesan’s account and rumors involving Demetrius’s wife, alongside anecdotes of Pompey’s restraint in sickness and later timing.
of consular dignity, when he was pleading in favor of him, thought it not unfit to say, that people could not be surprised if Philip was a lover of Alexander. It is related of Flora, the courtesan, that when she was now pretty old; she took great delight in speaking of her early familiarity with Pompey, and was wont to say, that she could never part after being with him without a bite. She would further tell, that …
Pompey sails to Mitylene to take Cornelia, learns she had expected the war to end, and he comforts her with stoic language about enduring fortune; he refuses entry to her city and argues briefly with the philosopher Cratippus.
O heavens, in those that noble are, Whate'er they do is fit and fair. Pompey, sailing by the city of Amphipolis, crossed over from thence to Mitylene, with a design to take in Cornelia and his son; and as soon as he arrived at the port in that island, he dispatched a messenger into the city, with news very different from Cornelia's expectation. For she, by all the former messages and letters sent to please her, had…
Cato aids Marcus Favonius’s election by exposing a vote-scheme, then manages spectacles with Spartan-like modest prizes; he contrasts this civic entertainment with Curio’s lavish shows and moralizes on cheerful, modest amusement.
and to stir up tumults at elections; out of the anarchy he thus creates amongst us, seeking, we see well enough, a monarchy for himself." Thus he retorted on Pompey. He had an intimate friend and admirer of the name of Marcus Favonius, much the same to Cato as we are told Apollodorus, the Phalerian, was in old time to Socrates, whose words used to throw him into perfect transports and ecstasies, getting into his hea…
Cicero’s plans to write Roman and Greek history are disrupted by personal misfortunes, especially his divorce from Terentia, remarriage for money, the death of his daughter Tullia, and grief-driven family instability.
and were afterwards by Caesar's orders set up again: that Caesar, by this act of humanity, had indeed set up Pompey's statues, but he had fixed and established his own. He had a design, it is said, of writing the history of his country, combining with it much of that of Greece, and incorporating in it all the stories and legends of the past that he had collected. But his purposes were interfered with by various pub…
Kant develops Plato’s ideas in ethics: virtue must be judged against an internal idea of virtue, while experience can only supply imperfect examples and obstacles to moral perfection.
cognitions far too elevated to admit of the possibility of an object given by experience corresponding to them—cognitions which are nevertheless real, and are not mere phantoms of the brain. This philosopher found his ideas especially in all that is practical,[41] that is, which rests upon freedom, which in its turn ranks under cognitions that are the peculiar product of reason. He who would derive from experience t…
Kant says transcendental ideas form a systematic unity from self to world to supreme being, and adds that metaphysics properly aims at God, freedom, and immortality, using other topics as means.
presupposes the totality of its conditions, but not of its consequences. Consequently, this conception is not a transcendental idea—and it is with these alone that we are at present occupied. Finally, it is obvious that there exists among the transcendental ideas a certain connection and unity, and that pure reason, by means of them, collects all its cognitions into one system. From the cognition of self to the cogn…
Kant lays out the three questions of reason—what can I know, what ought I to do, what may I hope—and claims practical reason can address the hope tied to morality, linking happiness to deserving through moral law.
Reason conducted us, in its speculative use, through the field of experience and, as it can never find complete satisfaction in that sphere, from thence to speculative ideas—which, however, in the end brought us back again to experience, and thus fulfilled the purpose of reason, in a manner which, though useful, was not at all in accordance with our expectations. It now remains for us to consider whether pure reason …
Assuming pure moral laws that bind a rational being a priori, Kant argues reason makes a moral world possible as an intelligible system where moral freedom harmonizes with happiness in a way that remains only an idea but has objective practical reality.
this freedom can harmonize with the distribution of happiness according to principles. This second law may therefore rest upon mere ideas of pure reason, and may be cognized à priori. I assume that there are pure moral laws which determine, entirely à priori (without regard to empirical motives, that is, to happiness), the conduct of a rational being, or in other words, to use which it makes of its freedom, and that…
Sancho eats from his alforjas, drinks from his bota, and both camp overnight, with Don Quixote sleeping little while recalling Dulcinea; by three in the afternoon they near Puerto Lápice.
him he might complain whenever and however he chose, just as he liked, for, so far, he had never read of anything to the contrary in the order of knighthood. Sancho bade him remember it was dinner-time, to which his master answered that he wanted nothing himself just then, but that *he* might eat when he had a mind. With this permission Sancho settled himself as comfortably as he could on his beast, and taking out o…
Don Quixote continues his oath logic and plans to hunt for food and lodging, teaching that knight-errants can go without eating, while Sancho negotiates practical provisions and dry-food habits.
so, for I have one to imitate in the matter, since the very same thing to a hair happened in the case of Mambrino’s helmet, which cost Sacripante so dear.” “Señor,” replied Sancho, “let your worship send all such oaths to the devil, for they are very pernicious to salvation and prejudicial to the conscience; just tell me now, if for several days to come we fall in with no man armed with a helmet, what are we to do? …
The pair eat their sparse dry fare, then fail to reach a house and choose to spend the night near goatherds, with Sancho displeased and Don Quixote pleased at sleeping under open heaven.
of dry fruit for your worship, as you are a knight; and for myself, as I am not one, I will furnish them with poultry and other things more substantial.” “I do not say, Sancho,” replied Don Quixote, “that it is imperative on knights-errant not to eat anything else but the fruits thou speakest of; only that their more usual diet must be those, and certain herbs they found in the fields which they knew and I know too.…
The goatherds offer entertainment, and Antonio plays the rebeck and sings a ballad about Olalla, love’s persistence, Sunday-Monday devotion, and a promise to marry or leave the mountains in a friar’s gown.
Full Size All this long harangue (which might very well have been spared) our knight delivered because the acorns they gave him reminded him of the golden age; and the whim seized him to address all this unnecessary argument to the goatherds, who listened to him gaping in amazement without saying a word in reply. Sancho likewise held his peace and ate acorns, and paid repeated visits to the second wine-skin, which t…
Don Quixote agrees to attend Chrysostom’s burial, and after the goatherd recommends rest for Pedro’s wound, Don Quixote sleeps while Sancho spends the night thinking of Dulcinea in imitation of Marcela’s lovers.
burial, which will be well worth seeing, for Chrysostom had many friends, and it is not half a league from this place to where he directed he should be buried.” “I will make a point of it,” said Don Quixote, “and I thank you for the pleasure you have given me by relating so interesting a tale.” “Oh,” said the goatherd, “I do not know even the half of what has happened to the lovers of Marcela, but perhaps to-morrow…
Don Quixote comforts Sancho that time ends recollection and death removes pain, and they decide to mount and travel; they mock Rocinante’s and the ass’s condition while recalling knightly penance and love-lodging.
let me tell thee, brother Panza,” said Don Quixote, “that there is no recollection which time does not put an end to, and no pain which death does not remove.” “And what greater misfortune can there be,” replied Panza, “than the one that waits for time to put an end to it and death to remove it? If our mishap were one of those that are cured with a couple of plasters, it would not be so bad; but I am beginning to th…
Leonela and Camilla debate love’s power and justify Lothario’s pursuit, with Leonela reciting a “complete alphabet” of admirable qualities Lothario has for Camilla.
“They say also,” said Camilla, “that what costs little is valued less.” “That saying does not hold good in your case,” replied Leonela, “for love, as I have heard say, sometimes flies and sometimes walks; with this one it runs, with that it moves slowly; some it cools, others it burns; some it wounds, others it slays; it begins the course of its desires, and at the same moment completes and ends it; in the morning i…
Luscinda tells Don Fernando to leave her because she will cling to fidelity as heaven has brought her to her true husband, and Dorothea recognizes who Luscinda is while Don Fernando still holds her.
with Luscinda in his arms. Don Fernando, too, knew Cardenio at once; and all three, Luscinda, Cardenio, and Dorothea, stood in silent amazement scarcely knowing what had happened to them. They gazed at one another without speaking, Dorothea at Don Fernando, Don Fernando at Cardenio, Cardenio at Luscinda, and Luscinda at Cardenio. The first to break silence was Luscinda, who thus addressed Don Fernando: “Leave me, Se…
Clara interprets the singer’s lyrics as her own lover’s distant, ardent longing, reacting with sickness-like trembling and debating whether she should hear him, while Dorothea encourages her to listen.
WHEREIN IS RELATED THE PLEASANT STORY OF THE MULETEER, TOGETHER WITH OTHER STRANGE THINGS THAT CAME TO PASS IN THE INN c43a.jpg (127K) Full Size Ah me, Love’s mariner am I On Love’s deep ocean sailing; I know not where the haven lies, I dare not hope to gain it. One solitary distant star Is all I have to guide me, A brighter orb than those of old That Palinurus lighted. And vaguely drifting am I borne, I know no…
As the song continues with themes of hope, endurance, and love’s unavoidable cost, Dorothea grows curious about Clara’s distress and asks what is happening.
dearly sell, his right must be contest; What gold compares With that whereon his stamp he hath imprest? And all men know What costeth little that we rate but low. Love resolute Knows not the word “impossibility;” And though my suit Beset by endless obstacles I see, Yet no despair Shall hold me bound to earth while heaven is there. Here the voice ceased and Clara’s sobs began afresh, all which excited Dorothea’s cur…
The curate agrees with the canon, explains he burned many of Don Quixote’s books, and claims chivalric reading still offers authors a chance for wide-ranging skills that blend instruction and pleasure.
arguments, absurd in their travels, and, in short, wanting in everything like intelligent art; for which reason they deserve to be banished from the Christian commonwealth as a worthless breed.” c47c.jpg (300K) Full Size The curate listened to him attentively and felt that he was a man of sound understanding, and that there was good reason in what he said; so he told him that, being of the same opinion himself, an…
After the Death-cart encounter, Don Quixote and Sancho discuss theater’s moral value and equality in death, then turn toward a new scene where a love-sick knight sings near the road at night.
OF THE STRANGE ADVENTURE WHICH BEFELL THE VALIANT DON QUIXOTE WITH THE BOLD KNIGHT OF THE MIRRORS p12a.jpg (98K) Full Size The night succeeding the day of the encounter with Death, Don Quixote and his squire passed under some tall shady trees, and Don Quixote at Sancho’s persuasion ate a little from the store carried by Dapple, and over their supper Sancho said to his master, “Señor, what a fool I should have look…
Sancho eats and drinks, explains his austerely dried-fruit diet under knight-errantry rules, boasts of loving Ciudad Real wine, and the Grove squire identifies it as aged and local.
other; “do you take me for some paltry squire? I carry a better larder on my horse’s croup than a general takes with him when he goes on a march.” Sancho ate without requiring to be pressed, and in the dark bolted mouthfuls like the knots on a tether, and said he, “You are a proper trusty squire, one of the right sort, sumptuous and grand, as this banquet shows, which, if it has not come here by magic art, at any ra…
Don Quixote wakes Sancho, praises his sleep and lack of financial worry, then they go toward Camacho’s wedding at the smell of food, with Sancho arguing that money matters more than skill.
WHEREIN AN ACCOUNT IS GIVEN OF THE WEDDING OF CAMACHO THE RICH, TOGETHER WITH THE INCIDENT OF BASILIO THE POOR p20a.jpg (125K) Full Size Scarce had the fair Aurora given bright Phœbus time to dry the liquid pearls upon her golden locks with the heat of his fervent rays, when Don Quixote, shaking off sloth from his limbs, sprang to his feet and called to his squire Sancho, who was still snoring; seeing which Don Qu…
Don Quixote’s ballad warns that love is fed by idleness, praises modesty for maidens, distinguishes transient loves from lasting constancy, and declares Dulcinea “painted on my heart” as an ineradicable image.
And to proper-minded maidens Who desire the matron’s name Modesty’s a marriage portion, Modesty their highest praise. Men of prudence and discretion, Courtiers gay and gallant knights, With the wanton damsels dally, But the modest take to wife. There are passions, transient, fleeting, Loves in hostelries declar’d, Sunrise loves, with sunset ended, When the guest hath gone his way. Love that springs up swift and sud…
After resting by a clear spring, Don Quixote and Sancho eat in the grove; Don Quixote laments being trampled by animals, while Sancho urges eating, lying down, and self-mockingly reframes despair.
WHEREIN IS RELATED THE STRANGE THING, WHICH MAY BE REGARDED AS AN ADVENTURE, THAT HAPPENED DON QUIXOTE p59a.jpg (126K) Full Size A clear limpid spring which they discovered in a cool grove relieved Don Quixote and Sancho of the dust and fatigue due to the unpolite behaviour of the bulls, and by the side of this, having turned Dapple and Rocinante loose without headstall or bridle, the forlorn pair, master and man,…
At night Don Quixote is worn out by a ladies’ dancing party, declares Dulcinea as his true love, and is carried to bed while Sancho jokes about knights dancing and not enjoying capering.
Full Size Night came and they went home, and there was a ladies’ dancing party, for Don Antonio’s wife, a lady of rank and gaiety, beauty and wit, had invited some friends of hers to come and do honour to her guest and amuse themselves with his strange delusions. Several of them came, they supped sumptuously, the dance began at about ten o’clock. Among the ladies were two of a mischievous and frolicsome turn, and, t…
While waiting under a tree, Don Quixote disputes Sancho’s belief that Tosilos is real, asks about Altisidora, and proposes a pastoral life in Arcadia-like seclusion after reflections on disenchantment and love.
OF THE RESOLUTION DON QUIXOTE FORMED TO TURN SHEPHERD AND TAKE TO A LIFE IN THE FIELDS WHILE THE YEAR FOR WHICH HE HAD GIVEN HIS WORD WAS RUNNING ITS COURSE; WITH OTHER EVENTS TRULY DELECTABLE AND HAPPY p67a.jpg (145K) Full Size If a multitude of reflections used to harass Don Quixote before he had been overthrown, a great many more harassed him since his fall. He was under the shade of a tree, as has been said, a…
The passage then reframes Don Quixote’s “moral” as a warning against spurious enthusiasm driven by vanity and self-conceit, not against true enthusiasm that leads to discomfiture.
could not live under the rule that Ferdinand substituted for the free institutions of mediaeval Spain. What he did smile away was not chivalry but a degrading mockery of it. The true nature of the "right arm" and the "bright array," before which, according to the poet, "the world gave ground," and which Cervantes' single laugh demolished, may be gathered from the words of one of his own countrymen, Don Felix Pacheco…
Ricardo criticizes Jean-Baptiste Say’s view that taxing goods must reduce consumption proportionally, claiming bread consumption might not fall more than if other taxed items like cloth or soap were taxed.
price above the natural price; and the consumers at home, not being able to obtain them elsewhere, are obliged to purchase them at a higher price." Vol. i. p. 201. But how can they permanently support the market price of their goods above the natural price, when every one of their fellow citizens is free to enter into the trade? they are guaranteed against foreign, but not against home competition. The real …
Using Pope’s line about women inspiring men’s passions, Wollstonecraft claims women are unfairly degraded for love or lust, and she argues that education should restrain passion so it does not dethrone reason.
"Yet ne'er so sure our passions to create, As when she touch'd the brink of all we hate." In what light this sally places men and women, I shall leave to the judicious to determine; meanwhile I shall content myself with observing, that I cannot discover why, unless they are mortal, females should always be degraded by being made subservient to love or lust. To speak disrespectfully of love is, I know, high treason …
Wollstonecraft contrasts friendship and respect with transitory love, arguing that women should not feign coldness or secrecy to secure affection but should strengthen mind and character, since friendship succeeds love in marriage.
amuse the languid hours, and soften the cares of a fellow-creature who is willing to be enlivened by her smiles and tricks, when the serious business of life is over. Besides, the woman who strengthens her body and exercises her mind will, by managing her family and practising various virtues, become the friend, and not the humble dependent of her husband; and if she deserves his regard by possessing such substantia…
She extends the comparison to show that women are prepared mainly for marriage, chase pleasure and secondary adventures, neglect duties, and become governed by senses and sensation rather than reason.
And all this is built on her loveliness! In the middle rank of life, to continue the comparison, men, in their youth, are prepared for professions, and marriage is not considered as the grand feature in their lives; whilst women, on the contrary, have no other scheme to sharpen their faculties. It is not business, extensive plans, or any of the excursive flights of ambition, that engross their attention; no, their …
Wollstonecraft criticizes “romantic” and sentimental love as dangerous affectation that weakens virtue, argues happiness and virtue differ from pleasure, and claims she wants to guard women from wavering, idleness-born feelings.
vain fears and fond jealousies, the winds which fan the flame of love, when judiciously or artfully tempered, are both incompatible with the tender confidence and sincere respect of friendship. Love, such as the glowing pen of genius has traced, exists not on earth, or only resides in those exalted, fervid imaginations that have sketched such dangerous pictures. Dangerous, because they not only afford a plausible e…
Wollstonecraft criticizes fashionable, insincere female conduct, arguing that women should act from inner character, reject “dissimulation,” and value virtue and sincere affection over performance and “appearances.”
decorous prejudices, without leaving modesty behind. Make the heart clean, and give the head employment, and I will venture to predict that there will be nothing offensive in the behaviour. The air of fashion, which many young people are so eager to attain, always strikes me like the studied attitudes of some modern prints, copied with tasteless servility after the antiques; the soul is left out, and none of the par…
Wollstonecraft argues that ambition, love, hope, and fear often drive people toward illusions, yet reflection and reason should redirect passions toward order, virtue, and true happiness rather than selfish indulgence.
the present moment, though from the constitution of his nature he would not find it very easy to catch the flying stream? Such slaves are we to hope and fear! But, vain as the ambitious man's pursuit would be, he is often striving for something more substantial than fame--that indeed would be the veriest meteor, the wildest fire that could lure a man to ruin. What! renounce the most trifling gratification to be app…
Wollstonecraft warns that rakes and wit kindle passion but can later become suspicious tyrants, and even when reformed they may not shed vice, since habit and boredom produce misery.
speak of their passion, their husbands to the end of the chapter--and then acting the part which they foolishly exacted from their lovers, they become abject wooers, and fond slaves. Men of wit and fancy are often rakes; and fancy is the food of love. Such men will inspire passion. Half the sex, in its present infantine state, would pine for a Lovelace; a man so witty, so graceful, and so valiant; and can they DES…