Stoic fate

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Often appears with: possible vs necessary · fate, destiny, and necessity · epicurus · doubt, skepticism, and certainty · bayle’s confusion

Usually: argument (1) · crisis of belief (1) · skepticism (1)

Theodicy primary

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Freiherr von · 1710-1711
book with much acrimony. But the accused won his case in a Synod. > PART TWO (43/80)

He reviews Epicurus and Stoic debates about possible but non-occurring future events, including the claim that determinism makes all propositions necessary, and argues that such reasoning confuses certain with necessary.

recourse to such answers. Yet we shall see that M. Bayle himself confused the certain with the necessary, when he maintained that the choice of the best rendered things necessary. 170. Let us come now to the possibility of things that do not happen, and I will give the very words of M. Bayle, albeit they are somewhat discursive. This is what he says on the matter in his *Dictionary* (article 'Chrysippus', let. S, p.…