HKB
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Often appears with: the problem of evil and theodicy · religious persecution and toleration · judgment, heaven, and hell · funeral rites and burial · equity, mercy, and pardon · wood hay stubble · temporal punishment · spiritual foundation · sin, guilt, and repentance · scripture and truth · scripture and its interpretation · scriptural authority
Usually: argument (5) · indignation (4) · crisis of belief (3) · skepticism (3) · confronting death (2) · censure (2) · detachment (2) · reverence (2) · commentary or gloss (1) · dialogue (1)
“But all this, too, was of no avail. For although the Pope taught men to depend upon, and trust in, these indulgences for salvation, yet he rendered the whole matter again uncertain.” Martin Luther, The Smalcald Articles · insight
“Therefore we should exclaim with all our might, that purgatory is a pernicious fiction of Satan, that it makes void the cross of Christ, that it intolerably insults the Divine mercy, and weakens and overturns our faith.” Jean Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (Vol. 1 of 2) · insight
“For they are not only destitute of any testimonies of Scripture in favour of it, but none of the examples of the saints there recorded exhibit any thing like it.” Jean Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (Vol. 1 of 2) · observation
“But the Scripture administers another consolation, far better and more substantial, when it declares that “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord;” and adds as a reason, “that they may rest from their labours.” Jean Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (Vol. 1 of 2) · insight
Luther attacks papal doctrines spawned from the Mass—especially purgatory and the Mass for the dead—arguing they are not Scripture-based faith articles and describing them as devilish inventions and frauds.
In addition to all this, this dragon's tail, [I mean] the Mass, has begotten a numerous vermin-brood of manifold idolatries. First, purgatory. Here they carried their trade into purgatory by masses for souls, and vigils, and weekly, monthly, and yearly celebrations of obsequies, and finally by the Common Week and All Souls Day, by soul-baths so that the Mass is used almost alone for the dead, although Christ has ins…
He denounces satisfaction and purgatory-based penances as endless and uncertain, then criticizes indulgences and the “golden jubilee year” from Rome that monetize remission of punishment and guilt.
small satisfaction, which could indeed be rendered, as five Paternosters, a day's fast, etc.; for the rest [that was lacking] of the [in their] repentance they were directed to purgatory. Here, too, there was nothing but anguish and [extreme] misery. [For] some thought that they would never get out of purgatory, because, according to the old canons seven years' repentance is required for a single mortal sin. Neverth…
Hobbes argues that doctrines of eternal torments, purgatory, exorcisms, conjurations, invocations of the dead, and indulgences depend on the idea of souls as separable substances, which he traces to Greek demonology and rejects as profitable Roman invention.
As The Doctrine Of Purgatory, And Exorcismes, And Invocation Of Saints This window it is, that gives entrance to the Dark Doctrine, first, of Eternall Torments; and afterwards of Purgatory, and consequently of the walking abroad, especially in places Consecrated, Solitary, or Dark, of the Ghosts of men deceased; and thereby to the pretences of Exorcisme and Conjuration of Phantasmes; as also of Invocation of men dea…
Thomas explains why Scripture calls venial sins “wood, hay, and stubble”: they are “beside” the foundation of faith quickened by charity, so they are burned away and still allow salvation through purgation.
laid beside it; in the same sense as it is written (Ps. 136:1): "Upon the waters of Babylon," i.e. "beside the waters": because venial sins do not destroy the edifice. Reply Obj. 2: It is not said that everyone who builds wood, hay and stubble, shall be saved as by fire, but only those who build "upon" the "foundation." And this foundation is not dead faith, as some have esteemed, but faith quickened by charity, acc…
Calvin maintains that purgatory collapses once satisfaction is restricted to Christ’s blood, calling purgatory a “fiction” that undermines the cross, violates reverence for Scripture, and fuels severe religious abuses.
to deliver us from deserved punishments. But the blasphemies which we have mentioned have been fabricated with such consummate impudence, that they have not even the least appearance of plausibility. VI. Nor let them now trouble us any more about their purgatory, since it is utterly demolished by this argument. For I cannot coincide with some, who think it best to be silent on this point, and to omit the mention of …
Calvin argues that prayers for the dead lack Scripture, saints’ examples, and divine command, despite being practiced for over thirteen hundred years; he links the custom’s spread to sorrow, superstition, and later “Popery,” and distinguishes uncertain ancient beliefs from confident purgatory doctrine.
and power of the Holy Spirit. Wherefore, whoever have corrupted the pure gold of the Divine word with this filth of purgatory, must necessarily suffer the loss of their work. X. Our opponents will reply, that it has been a very ancient opinion in the Church. Paul removes this objection when he comprehends even his own age in this sentence, where he denounces, that all must suffer the loss of their work, who, in the …
The dialogue concludes that even the least comforting tribulations have more reasons for joy than said earlier, since patience accepted as merit can bring heavenly reward and relief from purgatory pains.
thy coat, leave him thy gown too." The defence therefore of our own right asketh no reward. Say you speed well, if you get leave; look hardly for no thanks! But on the other hand, if you do as St. Paul biddeth, "Seek not for your own profit but for other folk's" and defend therefore of pity a poor widow or a poor fatherless child, and rather suffer sorrow by some strong extortioner than suffer them to take wrong; or…