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Often appears with: justice as a virtue · crime and punishment · religious persecution and toleration · sin, guilt, and repentance · contracts, oaths, and obligation · conquest, plunder, and captives · counsel and advisers to rulers · the fear of death · courts, trials, and pleading · marriage and betrothal · prayer and worship · censorship and the press
Usually: argument (679) · detachment (601) · injustice endured (545) · narrative (541) · exhortation (401) · indignation (387) · censure (245) · skepticism (236) · confronting death (186) · the test or trial (167)
“Therefore, the best possible fortress is—not to be hated by the people, because, although you may hold the fortresses, yet they will not save you if the people hate you.” Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince · insight
“Both we and the barons have sworn that all this shall be observed in good faith and without deceit.” Anonymous, The Magna Carta · precept
“Given by our hand in the meadow that is called Runnymede, between Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of June in the seventeenth year of our reign.” Anonymous, The Magna Carta · observation
“No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon the appeal of a woman, for the death of any other than her husband.” Anonymous, The Magna Carta · observation
“A POWER OVER A MAN’s SUBSISTENCE AMOUNTS TO A POWER OVER HIS WILL.” Alexander Hamilton; John Jay; James Madison, The Federalist Papers · insight
“To bereave a man of life, says he, or by violence to confiscate his estate, without accusation or trial, would be so gross and notorious an act of despotism, as must at once convey the alarm of tyranny throughout the whole nation; but confinement of the person, by secretly hurrying him to jail, where his sufferings are unknown or forgotten, is a less public, a less striking, and therefore A MORE DANGEROUS ENGINE of arbitrary government.” Alexander Hamilton; John Jay; James Madison, The Federalist Papers · observation
“War, therefore, open or concealed, alike / My voice dissuades; for what can force or guile / With him, or who deceive his mind, whose eye / Views all things at one view?” John Milton, Paradise Lost · insight
“He, with his whole posterity, must die, Die he or justice must; unless for him Some other able, and as willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death.” John Milton, Paradise Lost · insight
“Of happiness the chiefest part Is a wise heart: And to defraud the gods in aught With peril’s fraught. Swelling words of high-flown might Mightily the gods do smite. Chastisement for errors past Wisdom brings to age at last.” Sophocles, Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Col · insight
“Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign What justly thou hast lost, nor set thy heart, Thus over-fond, on that which is not thine:” John Milton, Paradise Lost · precept
“But prayer against his absolute decree No more avails than breath against the wind, Blown stifling back on him that breathes it forth:” John Milton, Paradise Lost · observation
“Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, honest, just, pure, lovely, or of good report, if there be any virtue, or any praise, think on these things.” Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin · observation
Luther argues that true repentance is a lifelong inward change shown outwardly, that the pope cannot remit guilt or penalties except within what God allows, and that indulgence preachers falsely claim total forgiveness and salvation.
20. Therefore by "full remission of all penalties" the pope means not actually "of all," but only of those imposed by himself. 21. Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved; 22. Whereas he remits to souls in purgatory no penalty which, according to the canons, they would have had to pay in this life. 23. If it is at al…
Luther attacks the indulgence market by saying money does not make souls escape purgatory, warns that most people are deceived by broad promises, and insists contrition is necessary for full remission without pardon letters.
44. Because love grows by works of love, and man becomes better; but by pardons man does not grow better, only more free from penalty. 45. Christians are to be taught that he who sees a man in need, and passes him by, and gives [his money] for pardons, purchases not the indulgences of the pope, but the indignation of God. 46. Christians are to be taught that unless they have more than they need, they are bound to k…
Luther lists public objections that the laity raise—about emptying purgatory, why papal wealth builds St. Peter’s instead of giving, and why indulgences replace penitential canons—and argues coercion without reasons breeds ridicule and unhappiness.
come to the Church than if the pope were to do a hundred times a day what he now does once, and bestow on every believer these remissions and participations?" 89. "Since the pope, by his pardons, seeks the salvation of souls rather than money, why does he suspend the indulgences and pardons granted heretofore, since these have equal efficacy?" 90. To repress these arguments and scruples of the laity by force alone,…
Sura CVIII? continues with a rubric on devotion, then gives Sura XC “The Soil,” Sura CXII “The Unity” is already earlier, and most centrally Sura XC “The Soil” and Sura CV “The Elephant,” focusing on human ingratitude and the moral test of feeding and freeing the vulnerable.
Then shall ye surely see it with the eye of certainty; Then shall ye on that day be taken to task concerning pleasures. SURA XCII.-THE NIGHT [XVI.] MECCA.-21 Verses In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful BY the NIGHT when she spreads her veil; By the Day when it brightly shineth; By Him who made male and female; At different ends truly do ye aim!1 But as to him who giveth alms and feareth God, …
The passage tells the story of Korah’s arrogance and wealth, teaches that God causes the earth to swallow him and that reward comes to patient believers, ending with instructions to avoid aiding unbelievers and worship God alone.
out of every nation and say, "Bring your proofs." And they shall know that the truth is with God alone, and the gods of their own devising shall desert them. Now Korah23 was of the people of Moses: but he behaved haughtily toward them; for we had given him such treasure that its keys would have burdened a company of men of strength. When his people said to him, "Exult not, for God loveth not those who exult; But se…
After repeating the narrator’s account of Muhammad’s claimed inspiration and alleged hallucinations, the passage quotes Qur’anic exhortations to repentance, forgiveness, trust in God, and detailed end-times scenes including the trumpet, courts of judgment, Hell’s gates, and Paradise’s gates.
The same said those who flourished before them; but their deeds profited them not. And their own ill deeds recoiled upon them. And whoso among these (Meccans) shall do wrong, on them likewise their own misdeeds shall light, neither shall they invalidate God. Know they not that God giveth supplies with open hand, and that He is sparing to whom He will? Of a truth herein are signs to those who believe. SAY: O my ser…
The text describes the afterlife dividing believers and unbelievers: Hell and Paradise contrast, those on al-A’raf recognize people by signs, advocates and intercessors fail, and God’s Book is said to guide those who believe.
He shall say, "Enter ye into the Fire with the generations of Djinn and men who have preceded you. So oft as a fresh generation entereth, it shall curse its sister, until when they have all reached it, the last comers shall say to the former, 'O our Lord! these are they who led us astray: assign them therefore a double torment of the fire:"' He will say, "Ye shall all have double." But of this are ye ignorant. And t…
A string of Qur'anic passages argues God’s power in miracles, urges almsgiving with forgiveness, condemns usury, and gives detailed rules and warnings about wealth, debts, and final judgment.
die!" Abraham said, "Since God bringeth the sun from the East, do thou, then, bring it from the West." The infidel was confounded; for God guideth not the evil doers: Or how he105 demeaned him who passed by a city which had been laid in ruins.106 "How," said he, "shall God give life to this city, after she hath been dead?" And God caused him to die for an hundred years, and then raised him to life. And God said, "Ho…
The passage gives Qur'anic legal instructions for writing and witnessing debts, avoiding harm to witnesses or writers, handling pledged property on journeys, and affirming accountability to God.
Fear the day wherein ye shall return to God: then shall every soul be rewarded according to its desert, and none shall have injustice done to them. O ye who believe! when ye contract a debt (payable) at a fixed date, write it down, and let the notary faithfully note between you: and let not the notary refuse to note, even as God hath taught him; but let him note it down, and let him who oweth the debt dictate, and l…
Sura titles and opening lines assert that unbelievers fail to be convinced by clear evidence, that sincere worship and alms are required, and that the day of resurrection will bring mutual deceit and divine recompense.
be raised from the dead. SAY: Yea, by my Lord, ye shall surely be raised; then shall ye surely be told of your deeds! And easy is this for God. Believe then in God and his apostle and in the light which we have sent down; for God is fully aware of all ye do. The day when He shall gather you together for the day of mutual gathering, will be the day of MUTUAL DECEIT,2 and whoso shall have believed in God and done wha…
It continues the same narrator’s critique-lens while quoting scripture about trust in God, fair dealings and justice, covenants, and polemics against those who twist scripture or deceive believers.
restore them to thee: And there is of them to whom if thou entrust a dinar, he will not restore it to thee, unless thou be ever instant with him. This-because they say, "We are not bound to keep faith with the ignorant (Pagan) folk, and they utter a lie against God, and know they do so:" But whoso is true to his engagement, and feareth God,-verily God loveth those that fear Him. Verily they who barter their engage…
The passage continues Sura IV’s moral and communal regulations: repentance is limited for deathbed unbelief, legal fairness is stressed, and believers must avoid drunken prayer and follow prescribed purification.
entrust not to the incapable the substance which God hath placed with you for their support; but maintain them therewith, and clothe them, and speak to them with kindly speech. And make trial of orphans until they reach the age of marriage; and if ye perceive in them a sound judgment, then hand over their substance to them; but consume ye it not wastefully, or by hastily entrusting it to them; Because they are grow…
It warns believers about hypocrites who alternate between positions, commands belief in God and scripture, warns against taking infidels as friends, and explains mercy, pardon, and the punishment of those who deny apostolic truth.
you to both. Therefore follow not passion, lest ye swerve from truth. And if ye wrest your testimony or stand aloof, God verily is well aware of what ye do. O ye who believe! believe in God and his Apostle, and the Book which he hath sent down to his Apostle, and the Book which he hath sent down aforetime. Whoever believeth not on God and his Angels and his Books and his Apostles, and in the last day, he verily hath…
It provides background notes for commentators on prior revelations and then begins Sura LXV, ‘Divorce,’ giving rules for divorcing women at proper times, recording waiting periods, and handling remarriage.
What took place in the times of ignorance, previous to the revelation of the Koran. See Freytag's Einl. p. 201, as to the incestuous nature of the ante-Islamitic Arabian marriages. 6 By marrying without means adequate to the support of a free wife, or by remaining single. 7 From marrying slaves. 8 Games of chance, usury, etc. 9 By providing for them a home and the protection of a husband. Or, of that which God wo…
Before private conferences with the Apostle, believers should give alms; the passage also condemns people who befriend God’s angered enemies and promises them severe torment.
Apostle shall be brought low, as those who were before them were brought low. And now have we sent down demonstrative signs: and, for the Infidels is a shameful chastisement. On the day when God shall raise them all to life, and shall tell them of their doings. God hath taken count of them, though they have forgotten them! and God is witness over all things. Dost thou not see that God knoweth all that is in the Hea…
The text proceeds with “immunity” verses condemning hypocrites, regulating almsgiving categories, warning against defaming the Prophet, and describing disbelief, mockery, and future judgment, including disputes over alms and repeated forgiveness refusals.
votaries of other gods with God, witnesses against themselves of infidelity, to visit the temples of God. These! vain their works: and in the fire shall they abide for ever! He only should visit the temples of God who believeth in God and the last day, and observeth prayer, and payeth the legal alms, and dreadeth none but God. These haply will be among the rightly guided. Do ye place the giving drink to the pilgrim…
Pepys describes plague tolling bells and then, on 31st, delays waiting for transport to a wedding near Deptford, later reports plague deaths and proceeds with the ceremony and prayers.
30th. It was a sad noise to hear our bell to toll and ring so often to-day, either for death or burials: I think five or six times. 31st. Up; and very betimes by six o'clock at Deptford, and there find Sir G. Carteret, and my Lady ready to go: I being in my new coloured silk suit, and coat trimmed with gold buttons and gold broad lace round my hands, very rich and fine. By water to the Ferry, where, when we come,…
Pepys meets Lady Peterborough and dines with Lord Crewe and others, discussing Parliament’s land-tax versus excise, accusations about arson in the Great Fire, and legal rules on fire losses.
I will tell you as great, if not greater, a miracle." And what was that, but that our dirty Besse (meaning his Duchesse) should come to be Duchesse of Albemarle? 5th. To my Lady Peterborough, who had sent to speak with me. She makes mighty mourn of the badness of the times, and her family as to money. My Lord's passionateness for want thereof, and his want of coming in of rents, and no wages from the Duke of York.…
During Holy Thursday Pepys dines with parishioners, learns the Lord Treasurer has just died, discusses management worries, and recounts an extraordinary bribery and release dispute involving Samuel Moyer.
the Treasury shall be managed by Commission. I would to God Sir G. Carteret, or my Lord Sandwich, be in it! But the latter is the more fit for it. 16th. This being Holy Thursday, when the boys go our procession round the parish, we were to go to the Three Tuns Tavern to dine with the rest of the parish; where all the parish almost was, Sir Andrew Rickard and others; and of our house, J. Minnes, W. Batten, W. Pen, a…
Pepys notes Commons choosing Parliament Account-commission members, debates Sir John Talbot’s anger over Wildman, and reports votes declaring Chief Justice Keeling’s actions illegal while Parliament stops further proceedings.
all, though I am likely to escape as well as any, if any can escape. And I think he is in the right, and I do look for it accordingly. 12th. My bookseller did give me a list of the twenty who were mentioned for the Commission in Parliament for the Accounts: and it is strange that of the twenty the Parliament could not think fit to choose their nine, but were fain to add three that were not in the list of the twent…
Pepys records that Commons voted Chief Justice Keeling’s conduct illegal but, out of deference and mediation, resolved not to proceed further against him.
Lord Chief Justice Keeling's proceedings illegal; but that out of particular respect to him and the mediation of a great many, they have resolved to proceed no further against him. 16th. To Westminster, where I find the House mighty busy upon a petition against my Lord Gerard, which lays heavy things to his charge, of his abusing the King in his Guards; and very hot the House is upon it. 17th. This day I do hear …
After hearing a man is near death, Pepys learns of a suicide attempt by a tavern-keeper who feared loss of property from London’s Great Fire, consults civic law, and reports the King’s decision to restore the estate to widow and children if not legally treated as self-murder.
and I am glad of it. And it is mighty acceptable to the world to hear, that among other reductions the King do reduce his Guards: which do please mightily. 21st. Comes news from Kate Joyce that, if I would see her husband alive, I must come presently. So I to him, and and his breath rattled in the throate; and they did lay pigeons to his feet, and all despair of him. It seems on Thursday last he went sober and qu…
Pepys records Commons and Lords debates over the Act of Indemnity, especially the case of “Carr” and the disgrace of Lord Gerard, including the pillory ordered without reopening evidence he says was cleared in court.
plain fellow for my sister; though I shall, I see, have no pleasure nor content in him, as if he had been a man of reading and parts, like Cumberland. 8th. The great talk is of Carr's coming off in all his trials, to the disgrace of my Lord Gerard to that degree, and the ripping up of so many notorious rogueries and cheats of my Lord's, that my Lord, it is thought, will be ruined: and above all do show the madness…
On January 3rd and 4th Pepys deals with soldiers to receive money, hosts Mrs. Jem and others for dinner and cards, consults Calthrop about payment, hears Parliament has passed indemnity for soldiers, and reports severe frost and swelling from cold.
Turner, Sergeant-at-law, Recorder of York; their only child, Theophila, frequently mentioned as The. or Theoph., became the wife of Sir Arthur Harris, Bart., of Stowford, Devon, and died 1686, s.p.] to stop her from coming to see me to-day, because of Mrs. Jem's corning, thence I went to the Temple to speak with Mr. Calthrop, and walked in his chamber an hour, but could not see him, so went to Westminster, where I f…
Athenian envoys defend imperial moderation as fair dealing in Athenian contract trials, contrasting legal restraint with other powers’ use of force, and warn that Spartan rule would lose popularity.
left us would fall to you. And no one can quarrel with a people for making, in matters of tremendous risk, the best provision that it can for its interest. “You, at all events, Lacedaemonians, have used your supremacy to settle the states in Peloponnese as is agreeable to you. And if at the period of which we were speaking you had persevered to the end of the matter, and had incurred hatred in your command, we are s…
Pericles shifts to comfort for the dead’s parents, then exhorts sons, praises widowly virtue as quiet respectability, and closes by stating the legal and civic honours are complete.
surely, to a man of spirit, the degradation of cowardice must be immeasurably more grievous than the unfelt death which strikes him in the midst of his strength and patriotism! “Comfort, therefore, not condolence, is what I have to offer to the parents of the dead who may be here. Numberless are the chances to which, as they know, the life of man is subject; but fortunate indeed are they who draw for their lot a dea…
Plataean envoys Astymachus and Lacon plead for mercy before five Lacedaemonian judges, arguing they expected impartial legal process, while the case is rigged and their fate already decided.
length, and deputed two of their number to represent them: Astymachus, son of Asopolaus, and Lacon, son of Aeimnestus, proxenus of the Lacedaemonians, who came forward and spoke as follows: “Lacedaemonians, when we surrendered our city we trusted in you, and looked forward to a trial more agreeable to the forms of law than the present, to which we had no idea of being subjected; the judges also in whose hands we con…
Continuing their plea, the Plataeans stress that sparing them accords with compassion and predicts misfortune for even the innocent, then ask to be returned to the position for which they surrendered.
won, make desolate the temples of the gods to whom they prayed before they overcame the Medes, and take away your ancestral sacrifices from those who founded and instituted them. “It were not to your glory, Lacedaemonians, either to offend in this way against the common law of the Hellenes and against your own ancestors, or to kill us your benefactors to gratify another’s hatred without having been wronged yourselve…
Athenian heralds argue that destroying or refusing to evacuate temples in conquered Boeotia was justified by war, invoking Greek laws about temple possession, while Boeotians reject a truce for retrieving dead on disputed grounds.
the name of the deities concerned, and of Apollo, the Boeotians invited them first to evacuate the temple, if they wished to take up the dead that belonged to them. After these words from the herald, the Athenians sent their own herald to the Boeotians to say that they had not done any wrong to the temple, and for the future would do it no more harm than they could help; not having occupied it originally in any such…
At Samos, the Samian democratic party flips to support the oligarchic oath-party against their former rivals; they kill Hyperbolus, but Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus rally resistance and restore democracy through amnesty after defeating the Three Hundred.
body thus made up to four hundred should enter the council chamber with full powers and govern as they judged best, and should convene the five thousand whenever they pleased. The man who moved this resolution was Pisander, who was throughout the chief ostensible agent in putting down the democracy. But he who concerted the whole affair, and prepared the way for the catastrophe, and who had given the greatest though…
News of Euboean loss triggers panic at Athens, leads to deposing the Four Hundred and restoring government to the Five Thousand, and includes decrees for constitutional formation and the recall of Alcibiades and other exiles.
long afterwards effected the revolt of the whole of Euboea (except Oreus, which was held by the Athenians themselves), and made a general settlement of the affairs of the island. When the news of what had happened in Euboea reached Athens, a panic ensued such as they had never before known. Neither the disaster in Sicily, great as it seemed at the time, nor any other had ever so much alarmed them. The camp at Samos …
John and the barons swear to uphold the concessions, promise not to seek their revocation, grant a general amnesty for offences from the dispute, seal the charter with named churchmen, and date it at Runnymede.
* The twenty-five barons shall swear to obey all the above articles faithfully, and shall cause them to be obeyed by others to the best of their power. * We will not seek to procure from anyone, either by our own efforts or those of a third party, anything by which any part of these concessions or liberties might be revoked or diminished. Should such a thing be procured, it shall be null and void and we will at no t…
The text restores rights taken without lawful judgment, provides mercy-remedies via the twenty-five barons for unjust fines, rejects arrests on a woman’s appeal, and orders restitution of lands to Welshmen.
soon as peace is restored, we will banish from the kingdom all foreign-born knights, cross-bowmen, serjeants, and mercenary soldiers, who have come with horses and arms to the kingdom’s hurt. 52. If any one has been dispossessed or removed by us, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arise over this, …
At Alcinous’s hearth, Ulysses asks Queen Arete and her household for help to return home, and the Phaeacians respond with ritual offerings, a banquet, and planning an escort.
the miraculous darkness fell away from him and he became visible. Every one was speechless with surprise at seeing a man there, but Ulysses began at once with his petition. “Queen Arete,” he exclaimed, “daughter of great Rhexenor, in my distress I humbly pray you, as also your husband and these your guests (whom may heaven prosper with long life and happiness, and may they leave their possessions to their children, …
King Alcinous rewards Odysseus with gifts of cloaks, shirts, and gold, demands Euryalus apologize for rudeness, and orders Queen Arete to prepare a warm bath, chest, and packing for the presents.
“King Alcinous, you said your people were the nimblest dancers in the world, and indeed they have proved themselves to be so. I was astonished as I saw them.” The king was delighted at this, and exclaimed to the Phaeacians, “Aldermen and town councillors, our guest seems to be a person of singular judgement; let us give him such proof of our hospitality as he may reasonably expect. There are twelve chief men among y…
Phemius the forced minstrel pleads to be spared, and Telemachus and later Ulysses allow him and Medon to live, while Ulysses orders the surviving slaughter to be finished in the cloisters.
which was lying upon the ground. Then he struck Leiodes on the back of his neck, so that his head fell rolling in the dust while he was yet speaking. The minstrel Phemius son of Terpes—he who had been forced by the suitors to sing to them—now tried to save his life. He was standing near towards the trap door,174 and held his lyre in his hand. He did not know whether to fly out of the cloister and sit down by the alt…
After the song, Alcinous praises Odysseus, orders dance contests with special mention of Halius and Laodamas, and then arranges gifts—robes, gold, and a sword—while compensating Euryalus for his earlier insult.
This was the song the famous minstrel sang; and Odysseus listened and was glad at heart, and likewise did the Phaeacians, of the long oars, those mariners renowned. Then Alcinous bade Halius and Laodamas dance alone, for none ever contended with them. So when they had taken in their hands the goodly ball of purple hue, that cunning Polybus had wrought for them, the one would bend backwards, and throw it towards the …
Polyphemus laments an oracle that Odysseus blinded him, refuses healing, and prays to Poseidon as a stranger-feast while Odysseus curses him; the Cyclops then throws another boulder that almost hits the ship.
“So I spake, and with a moan he answered me, saying: “‘Lo now, in very truth the ancient oracles have come upon me. There lived here a soothsayer, a noble man and a mighty, Telemus, son of Eurymus, who surpassed all men in soothsaying, and waxed old as a seer among the Cyclôpes. He told me that all these things should come to pass in the aftertime, even that I should lose my eyesight at the hand of Odysseus. But I e…
Odysseus tells his men to avoid Helios’ island as commanded by Teiresias and Circe, Eurylochus complains about staying at sea overnight and agrees to sup, and Odysseus forces an oath against killing cattle before they weep and fall asleep.
“So spake I, and their heart was broken within them. And Eurylochus straightway answered me sadly, saying: “‘Hardy art thou, Odysseus, of might beyond measure, and thy limbs are never weary; verily thou art fashioned all of iron, that sufferest not thy fellows, foredone with toil and drowsiness, to set foot on shore, where we might presently prepare us a good supper in this sea-girt island. But even as we are thou b…
Penelope accuses Antinous of impiety for plotting against Telemachus and Odysseus’s memory, while Eurymachus pretends protection; Athene puts Telemachus’s household to rest, and Odysseus is temporarily aged/disguised again for the swineherd’s benefit.
had come unto the wooers, she stood by the pillar of the well-builded roof, holding up her glistening tire before her face, and rebuked Antinous and spake and hailed him: “Antinous, full of all insolence, deviser of mischief! and yet they say that in the land of Ithaca thou art chiefest among thy peers in counsel and in speech. Nay, no such man dost thou show thyself. Fool! why indeed dost thou contrive death and do…
Odysseus responds to Antinous, recounts his supposed past raid and captivity, and begs for mercy, while Antinous orders him away; the wooers grow angry and Antinous strikes Odysseus with a footstool, prompting Odysseus’s curse and warning.
even now, Odysseus as he returned to the threshold, was like to escape scot free, making trial of the Achaeans, but he halted by Antinous, and spake to him, saying: “Friend, give me somewhat; for methinks thou art not the basest of the Achaeans, but the best man of them all, for thou art like a king. Wherefore thou shouldest give me a portion of bread, and that a better than the others; so would I make thee renowned…
Antinous insults the stranger and threatens punishment in response, but Penelope argues that guests should not be robbed of their due and promises gifts if the bow test succeeds.
So spake he and they all were exceeding wroth, for fear lest he should string the polished bow. And Antinous rebuked him, and spake and hailed him: “Wretched stranger, thou hast no wit, nay never so little. Art thou not content to feast at ease in our high company, and to lack not thy share of the banquet, but to listen to our speech and our discourse, while no guest and beggar beside thee hears our speech? Wine it …
As Athene’s battle advantage peaks, Leiodes begs Odysseus for mercy claiming he did not wrong Penelope, but Odysseus kills him anyway; Phemius the minstrel and Medon later seek protection and are spared by Telemachus.
they are far mightier than thou. This gift is thy recompense for the ox-foot that thou gavest of late to the divine Odysseus, when he went begging through the house.” So spake the keeper of the shambling kine. Next Odysseus wounded the son of Damastor in close fight with his long spear, and Telemachus wounded Leocritus son of Euenor, right in the flank with his lance, and drave the bronze point clean through, that h…
Telemachus and servants execute the punished maidservants, tying nooses and mutilating Melanthius, then wash up, return to Odysseus, and the house is set back in order before Penelope is summoned.
And Telemachus, and the neatherd, and the swineherd, scraped with spades the floor of the well-builded house, and, behold, the maidens carried all forth and laid it without the doors. Now when they had made an end of setting the hall in order, they led the maidens forth from the stablished hall, and drove them up in a narrow space between the vaulted room and the goodly fence of the court, whence none might avoid; a…
He says communities should prevent youth from crime through reform, but Southern conditions lack adequate jails or reformatories and use courts to reenslave Blacks by color, so court outcomes become viewed as martyrdom.
its roots still clinging in the mould. The appearance, therefore, of the Negro criminal was a phenomenon to be awaited; and while it causes anxiety, it should not occasion surprise. Here again the hope for the future depended peculiarly on careful and delicate dealing with these criminals. Their offences at first were those of laziness, carelessness, and impulse, rather than of malignity or ungoverned viciousness. S…
Moses and Aaron tell Pharaoh to release Israel, but Pharaoh increases their workload by removing straw supplies, causing Israelite officers to be beaten and complain, while Moses appeals to the LORD about cruel bondage.
Then Moses and Aaron went and told Pharao, thus sayeth the LORD God of Israel. Let my people go, that they may keep holy day unto me in the wilderness. And Pharao answered: what fellow is the LORD, that I should hear his voice for to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will let Israel go. And they said: the God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go (we pray thee) three days' journey into the desert, that…
The LORD sends plagues affecting Egyptian livestock and people—murrain, boils, and hail with lightning—while Goshen is spared; Pharaoh confesses and promises release, then hardens himself again.
And the LORD said unto Moses: go unto Pharao and tell him, thus sayeth the LORD God of the Hebrews: send out my people that they may serve me. If thou wilt not let them go but wilt hold them still: behold, the hand of the LORD shall be upon thy cattle which thou hast in the field, upon horses, asses, camels, oxen, and sheep, with a mighty great murrain. But the LORD shall make a division between the beasts of the Isr…
Moses breaks the stone tablets at the hill foot after hearing the people’s shouting; the calf is burned, ground, and drunk, Levi slays about three thousand, Moses seeks atonement, and God refuses full forgiveness.
which were written on both the leaves and were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God graven upon the tables. And when Iosua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses: there is a noise of war in the host. And he said: it is not the cry of them that have the mastery, nor of them that have the worse: but I do hear the noise of singing. And as soon as he came nye unto the host an…
Moses is told rules for grain (meat) offerings: fine flour with oil and frankincense, prescribed handling as a memorial on the altar, and prohibitions on leaven and honey.
If any soul will offer a meatoffering unto the LORD, his offering shall be fine flour, and he shall pour thereto oil, and put frankincense thereon, and shall bring it unto Aaron's sons the priests. And one of them shall take thereout his handful of the flour, and of the oil with all the frankincense, and burn it for a memorial upon the altar: an offering of a sweet savour unto the LORD. And the remnant of the meatoff…
The law continues for sin offerings by rulers and common people: choosing unblemished goats or sheep, applying blood to altar horns and burning fat, with atonement and forgiveness.
And shall put of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD in the tabernacle of witness, and shall pour all the blood upon the bottom of the altar of burntofferings which is by the door of the tabernacle of witness, and shall take all his fat from him and burn it upon the altar, and shall do with his ox as he did with the sinoffering ox. And the priest shall make an atonement for them, and so it …
A brief continuation states that when a sinner offers a sheep (as a sin offering), the priest burns the prescribed parts on the altar and makes atonement so the person is forgiven.
And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the sheep of the peaceofferings was taken away. And the priest shall burn it upon the altar for the LORD's {lordes} sacrifice, and the priest shall make an atonement for his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.
God commands compensation for trespasses against a neighbor or holy things, adds the fifth part, and then lays out enduring laws for the continual burnt offering fire and for how priests eat meat offerings.
And the LORD talked with Moses saying: when a soul sinneth and trespasseth against the LORD, and denied unto his neighbour that which was taken him to keep, or that was put under his hand, or that which he hath violently taken away, or that which he hath deceived his neighbour of with subtlety, or hath found that which was lost and denieth it, and sweareth falsely, in whatsoever thing it be that a man doth and sinnet…
The law details trespass offerings and peace offerings, specifying what priests eat, timing of eating peace-offering flesh, treatment of uncleanness, and bans on eating fat and blood.
This is the law of the trespassoffering which is most holy. In the place where the burntoffering is killed, the trespassoffering shall be killed also: and his blood shall be sprinkled round about upon the altar. And all the fat thereof shall be offered: the rump and the fat that covered the inwards, and the two kidneys with the fat that lieth on them and upon the loins: and the caul on the liver shall be taken away w…
It continues the leper-cleansing procedure, including a poorer option using fewer animals, repeated blood-and-oil placement on ear, thumb, and toe, and ending with atonement before the LORD.
And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand, shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: even upon the blood of the trespass offering. And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest's hand, he shall pour upon the head of him that is cleansed: and so shall be priest make an atonement for him before the …
After the death of Aaron’s sons, the LORD instructs Aaron not to enter the holy place whenever he wants, but only on a specified rite with bull, goats, special linen vestments, incense, and blood sprinkling into the veil.
And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they had offered before the LORD and died: And he said unto Moses: speak unto Aaron thy brother that he go not at all times into the holy place, that is whithin the vail that hangeth before the mercy seat which is upon the ark that he die not. For I will appear in a cloud upon the mercy seat. But of this manner shall Aaron go in into the hol…
The rite of atonement continues: Aaron reconciles the altar, places Israel’s sins on the live scapegoat sent into the wilderness, performs further offerings, cleans those who burn the carcasses outside the camp, and institutes a yearly ordinance on the tenth day of the seventh month.
And he shall make an atonement for himself and for his household, and for all the multitude of Israel. Then he shall go out unto the altar that stondeth before the LORD, and reconcile it, and shall take of the blood of the ox and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about, and sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleannes…
The anointed priest (succeeding Aaron) must repeat the yearly atonement by reconciling the sanctuary, tabernacle, and altar, making atonement for priests and the whole congregation once each year as commanded.
And the priest that is anointed and whose hand was filled to minister in his father's stead, shall make the atonement and shall put on the holy linen {[clothes and holy]} vestments, and reconcile the holy sanctuary and the tabernacle of witness and the altar, and shall make an atonement also for the priests and for all the people of the congregation. And this shall be an everlasting ordinance unto you to make an aton…
After confession, Israel’s hearts are humbled and an atonement is made; God remembers His covenants with Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham and promises not to utterly destroy them in enemy lands.
And they shall confess their misdeeds and the misdeeds of their fathers in their trespasses which they have trespassed against me, and for that also that they have walked contrary unto me. Therefore I also will walk contrary unto them, and will bring them into the land of their enemies. And then at the least way their uncircumcised hearts shall be tamed, and then they shall make an atonement for their misdeeds. And I…
Israel is commanded to remove lepers, those with bodily discharges, and those defiled by death from the camp, and laws are given for restitution, priestly property, and the ordeal of jealousy for an unfaithful wife.
And the LORD spake unto Moses saying: command the children of Israel that they put out of the host, all the lepers and all that have issues and all that are defiled upon the dead, whether they be males or females ye shall put them out of the host, that they defile not the tents among which I {ye} dwell. And the children of Israel did so, and put them out of the host: even as the LORD commanded Moses, so did the child…
The text explains procedures for sins committed ignorantly versus presumptuous rebellion, including forgiveness for ignorance, destruction for despising God, and the Sabbath execution of a man gathering sticks.
If ye oversee your selves and observe not all these commandments which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses, and all that the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the first day forward that the LORD commanded among your generation: when ought is committed ignorantly before the eyes of the congregation, then all the multitude shall offer a calf for a burntoffering to be a sweet savour unto the LORD, and the m…