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Omens and omens

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Often appears with: strategy and the aims of war · roman exhortation · omens, portents, and signs · metapontum forged letters · marsian desertion · fate, destiny, and necessity · fabius vs marcellus · diplomacy and embassies · carthaginian exhortation · battle preparations · battle and tactics

Usually: narrative (2) · detachment (2) · sudden reversal of fortune (1) · the test or trial (1) · skepticism (1)

The History of Rome, Books 27 to 36 secondary

Livy · c. 27 BCE–17 CE (composition of the History of Rome; these books 27–36 within that span)
BOOK XXVII. > BOOK XXX. (31/44)

After the negotiations fail, both sides prepare for a decisive battle, with Hannibal emphasizing years of victories in Italy and Scipio urging that Roman security and the war’s end are now within reach.

informed them that words had been bandied to no purpose, that the question must be decided by arms, and that they must accept that fortune which the gods assigned them. 32. When they had arrived at their camps, they both issued orders that their soldiers should get their arms in readiness, and prepare their minds for the final contest; in which, if fortune should favour them, they would continue victorious, not for …

Plutarch: Lives of the noble Grecians and Romans primary

Plutarch · c. 100 CE (composed over time)
(249/1424)

With Hannibal moving after the battle, Rome sends Fabius Maximus and Claudius Marcellus, contrasting “buckler” patience with “sword” boldness; Hannibal attempts a forged-letter trap at Metapontum, but Fabius is deterred by omens.

commonwealth, after so great a loss, but was come to take the government into his hands, to execute the laws, and aid his fellow-citizens in their prospect of future deliverance. When word was brought to Rome that Hannibal, after the fight, had marched with his army into other parts of Italy, the hearts of the Romans began to revive, and they proceeded to send out generals and armies. The most distinguished command…