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Human sacrifice

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Often appears with: religious persecution and toleration · sacrifice and ritual · myth and the gods of the nations · venus · treaties, truces, and peacemaking · time reckoned by nights · the problem of evil and theodicy · strategic fortresses and bridges · skepticism about foreign accounts · siege and fortification · religious ceremony (mass) · prayer and worship

Usually: narrative (4) · censure (2) · indignation (2) · argument (1) · description (1) · injustice endured (1) · the test or trial (1) · exhortation (1) · reverence (1)

Quotable
“For I shall not say that that which is done in worship of the god in Egypt came accidentally to be the same with that which is done among the Hellenes, for then these rites would have been in character with the Hellenic worship and not lately brought in;” Herodotus, The History of Herodotus — Volume 1 · insight
“Venus, incensed at the Cerastæ for polluting the island of Cyprus, which is sacred to her, with the human sacrifices which they offer to their Gods, transforms them into bulls; and the Propœtides, as a punishment for their dissolute conduct, are transformed into rocks.” Ovid, The Metamorphoses of Ovid, Books VIII-XV · observation

"De Bello Gallico" and Other Commentaries primary

Julius Caesar · Commentaries composed during Caesar's Gallic campaigns (and later civil conflict), 58–52 BCE, with additional commentarial material through 49 BCE.
C.W. Bateman, 1882. Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War, translated by T. Rice Holmes, London, 1908 (see also Holmes' Caesar's Conquest of > BOOK VI (9/18)

Caesar outlines Gallic social and religious practices: knights fight in wars annually, Gauls sacrifice and sometimes burn people in large wicker effigies, worship Mercury first and then other Olympian gods, and follow timekeeping by nights.

or any other offence, is more acceptable to the immortal gods; but when a supply of that class is wanting, they have recourse to the oblation of even the innocent. XVII.--They worship as their divinity, Mercury in particular, and have many images of him, and regard him as the inventor of all arts, they consider him, the guide of their journeys and marches, and believe him to have very great influence over the acquis…

The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Vol 1 (of 2) primary

Bernal Díaz del Castillo · 1568
CHAPTER I. > CHAPTER LXI. (2/4)

Cortés questions the Tlascalla ruler Olintecle, who describes Mexico’s fortifications and wealth, while Cortés demands an end to human sacrifices and orders (or delays) erecting a cross.

meet us with the principal inhabitants. His name was Olintecle, and he led us into his habitation, where he gave us but little to eat, and that with bad will. After the repast, Cortes, by means of our interpreters, put all manner of questions to the cazique respecting the affairs of his monarch. Motecusuma, and we learnt a good deal about the great armies which were stationed in the conquered provinces, besides thos…

The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Vol 1 (of 2) primary

Bernal Díaz del Castillo · 1568
CHAPTER I. > CHAPTER CVII.

Motecusuma offers one of his daughters to Hernán Cortés in marriage, and Cortés agrees conditionally, while efforts to stop human sacrifice fail until an altar with the Virgin Mary and cross is authorized on Huitzilopochtli’s temple.

_How Motecusuma offers one of his daughters in marriage to Cortes, who accepts her, and pays her the attentions due to her high station._ I have often related how we strove, in every possible manner, to amuse Motecusuma in his confinement, and daily visited him in his apartments. It was on one of these occasions that the monarch said to our general, "Malinche! in order to prove the great affection I have for…

The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Vol 2 (of 2) primary

Bernal Díaz del Castillo · c. 1568–1570 (composition of the memoirs)
CHAPTER CXXXVII. > CHAPTER CLXVI. (10/16)

In Chiapa the Spaniards free merchants imprisoned for sacrifice, burn idols and remnants of human sacrifice, demand peace from nearby towns, stay five days for Mass, and then plan to punish Chamula after a Spaniard abuses it.

small township near Chiapa. Luis Marin willingly complied with this request, and strictly commanded both our allies and the inhabitants of Cachula not to commit any further destruction of property. In this town we found three large wooden cages filled with prisoners, all of whom were merchants, who had been purposely waylaid on the high road by the Chiapanecs, and thrown into these dens to fatten for their sacrifice…

The Metamorphoses of Ovid, Books VIII-XV secondary

Ovid · c. 8 CE–17/18 CE
Book “on the plan recommended by Mr. Locke,” was published in 1839, which had been already preceded by “a selection from the Metamorphoses of Ovid, adapted to the Hamiltonian system, by a literal and interlineal translation,” published by James Hamilton, the author of the Hamiltonian system. This work contains selections only from the first six books, and consequently embraces but a very small portion of the entire work. > BOOK THE TENTH. (13/31)

Venus punishes the Cerastae of Cyprus for sacrificing strangers at Jupiter Hospes by turning them into bulls, and transforms the Propœtides for their sexual immorality into rocks.

FABLE VI. [X.220-242] Venus, incensed at the Cerastæ for polluting the island of Cyprus, which is sacred to her, with the human sacrifices which they offer to their Gods, transforms them into bulls; and the Propœtides, as a punishment for their dissolute conduct, are transformed into rocks. “But if, perchance, you were to ask of Amathus,[35] abounding in metals, whether she would wish to have produced the Pro…

The History of Herodotus — Volume 1 primary

Herodotus · c. 440–430 BCE (composition of Histories; Volume I corresponds to Book I, “Clio”)
BOOK I. THE FIRST BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED CLIO > BOOK II. THE SECOND BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED EUTERPE (21/76)

He rejects a Greek story that Egyptians tried to sacrifice Heracles, arguing that Egyptians do not sacrifice humans and only allow certain animals, and he calls the tale implausible both morally and practically.

taste of it: the poor however among them by reason of the scantiness of their means shape pigs of dough and having baked them they offer these as a sacrifice. 48. Then for Dionysos on the eve of the festival each one kills a pig by cutting its throat before his own doors, and after that he gives the pig to the swineherd who sold it to him, to carry away again; and the rest of the feast of Dionysos is celebrated by t…