HKB
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Often appears with: justice as a virtue · the nature and attributes of God · equity, mercy, and pardon · the problem of evil and theodicy · sin, guilt, and repentance · religious persecution and toleration · natural law and higher law · wisdom through suffering · will, choice, and freedom · war as principle · unwitting crimes · treaties, truces, and peacemaking
Usually: argument (8) · reverence (4) · indignation (3) · skepticism (3) · verse (2) · crisis of belief (2) · the fall of the great (2) · censure (2) · detachment (2) · speech or oration (1)
“I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just, and that his justice cannot sleep forever.” Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom · insight
“For this cause we entered the war and for this cause will we battle until the last gun is fired.” Woodrow Wilson, State of the Union Addresses · precept
“For what idea shall we form of such a justice as has only will for its rule, that is to say, where the will is not guided by the rules of good and even tends directly towards evil?” Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Freiherr von, Theodicy · insight
“Since good as perceived by intellect is the object of the will, it is impossible for God to will anything but what His wisdom approves. This is, as it were, His law of justice, in accordance with which His will is right and just.” Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) · insight
“This restoration of the equality of justice by penal compensation is also to be observed in injuries done to one's fellow men.” Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, Summa Theologica, Part I-II (Pars Prima Secundae) · insight
“My doctrine drop as doeth the rain, and my speech flow as doeth the dew, as the mizzling upon the herbs, and as the drops upon the grass.” William Tyndale, The first New Testament printed in English · vivid
“On this ground it is, that Religion is the sustaining opposite of Law.” Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection; and, The Confessions of an Inqui · insight
“The true question is: "Do you take any *part* of it: and can you reject the rest without being *inconsequent*?” Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection; and, The Confessions of an Inqui · precept
A poetic song addresses heaven and earth, praising God as Rock and just Father, recalling Israel’s past guidance and provision, and condemning Israel for turning to strange gods.
Hear o heaven, what I shall speak and hear o earth the words of my mouth. My doctrine drop as doeth the rain, and my speech flow as doeth the dew, as the mizzling upon the herbs, and as the drops upon the grass. For I will call on the name of the LORD: Magnify the might of our God. He is a Rocke and perfect are his deeds, for all his ways are with discretion. God is faithful and without wickedness, both righteous and…
Douglass warns Americans that God’s justice will punish the enslaving nation, invokes Thomas Jefferson’s claim that God has no side for the oppressor, and foretells slave resistance if endurance breaks.
has the blessing of God been converted into a curse. In the spirit of genuine patriotism, I warn the American people, by all that is just and honorable, to BEWARE! I warn them that, strong, proud, and prosperous though we be, there is a power above us that can “bring down high looks; at the breath of whose mouth our wealth may take wings; and before whom every knee shall bow;” and who can tell how soon the avenging …
The chorus continues that Artemis’s jealousy and Apollo’s appeals shape the campaign, while it emphasizes that wisdom comes through affliction and that Agamemnon was forced into killing his daughter by Fate and divine wrath.
of Heaven she prayeth still, “Nay. if it must be, be the omen true! Yet do the visioned eagles presage ill; The end be well, but crossed with evil too!”_ _Healer Apollo! be her wrath controll’d, Nor weave the long delay of thwarting gales, To war against the Danaans and withhold From the free ocean-waves their eager sails!_ _She craves, alas! to see a second life Shed forth, a curst unhallowed sacrifice— ’…
Wilson urges Congress to focus on winning the war, frames it as a high-principle defense of democracy and liberty against Central Powers’ methods, and ends with a moral vision of history guided by divine justice and mercy.
in the present session of the Congress our whole attention and energy should be concentrated on the vigorous, rapid and successful prosecution of the great task of winning the war. We can do this with all the greater zeal and enthusiasm because we know that for us this is a war of high principle, debased by no selfish ambition of conquest or spoliation; because we know, and all the world knows, that we have been for…
Eve argues that God would not destroy humanity beyond purpose and that her bond with Adam is inseparable, so she willingly eats the forbidden fruit rather than separate from him.
Nor can I think that God, Creator wise, Though threatening, will in earnest so destroy Us his prime creatures, dignified so high, Set over all his works; which in our fall, For us created, needs with us must fail, Dependant made; so God shall uncreate, Be frustrate, do, undo, and labour lose; Not well conceived of God, who, though his power Creation could repeat, yet would be loth Us to abolish, lest the Adversary Tr…
Aquinas argues that justice exists in God by distinguishing commutative and distributive justice; only distributive justice applies as God gives each what befits their order, with ‘law’ grounded in God’s wisdom.
*On the contrary,* It is said (Ps. 10:8): "The Lord is just, and hath loved justice." *I answer that,* There are two kinds of justice. The one consists in mutual giving and receiving, as in buying and selling, and other kinds of intercourse and exchange. This the Philosopher (Ethic. v, 4) calls commutative justice, that directs exchange and intercourse of business. This does not belong to God, since, as the Apostle …
Aquinas contends that even after sin is forgiven, a debt of punishment can remain: the guilt and stain cease only as the soul accepts divine justice, sometimes requiring satisfaction.
to thee shall die." Therefore a man is punished by God even after his sin is forgiven: and so the debt of punishment remains, when the sin has been removed. *I answer that,* Two things may be considered in sin: the guilty act, and the consequent stain. Now it is evident that in all actual sins, when the act of sin has ceased, the guilt remains; because the act of sin makes man deserving of punishment, in so far as h…
Oedipus rebuts Creon’s accusations of parricide and incest as unwitting outcomes of prophecy, then invokes truth, calls on the goddesses for aid, and argues that Athens respects proper divine rites.
touch of spite. So thou must work thy will; my cause is just But weak without allies; yet will I try, Old as I am, to answer deeds with deeds. OEDIPUS. O shameless railer, think’st thou this abuse Defames my grey hairs rather than thine own? Murder and incest, deeds of horror, all Thou blurtest forth against me, all I have borne, No willing sinner; so it pleased the gods Wrath haply with my sinful race of old, Since…
He attacks Christian and philosophical proposals—attributed to Socinians, Vorstius, and Bayle—that limit God’s knowledge or actions, and he rejects views that make God will evil or act like a tyrant without justice.
English Jesuit disguised under a pseudonym but exceedingly learned, who wrote a book *De Concordia Scientiae cum Fide*, of which I will speak later, appears to hint at this also. They are doubtless much mistaken; but others are not less so who, convinced that nothing comes to pass save by the will and the power of God, ascribe to him intentions and actions so unworthy of the greatest and the best of all beings that …
He criticizes Taylor’s rejection of a view where God inflicts eternal punishment, arguing Taylor’s reasoning depends on misread causes and misconceived justice, including an equivocation on the word “right.”
to his conception, is a calamity which being common to all men must be supposed to result from their common nature: in other words, the universal Calamity of Human *Nature*. Can we wonder, then, that a mind, a heart like Taylor's should reject, that he should strain his faculties to explain away, the belief that this calamity, so dire in itself, should appear to the All-merciful God a rightful cause and motive for i…
Turning to the “satisfaction of a debt” figure, Coleridge attacks the literal juridical theory of infinite debt paid by Christ’s sufferings, arguing that rejecting the metaphor implies incoherent consequences about divine justice.
debt, which in an endless succession of instalments we should have been paying to the divine justice, had it not been paid in full by the Son of God incarnate! It is easy to say--"O but I do not hold this, or *we* do not make this an article of our belief!" The true question is: "Do you take any *part* of it: and can you reject the rest without being *inconsequent*?" Are debt, satisfaction, payment in full, creditor…