HKB
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Often appears with: diplomacy and embassies · treaties, truces, and peacemaking · religious persecution and toleration · public finance and debt · fate, destiny, and necessity · contracts, oaths, and obligation · conquest, plunder, and captives · waldensians in provence · velázquez loses governorship of cuba · unfinished artwork · trade, markets, and merchants · silver jupiter
Usually: narrative (4) · sudden reversal of fortune (4) · detachment (4) · praise (3) · letter or document (2) · exhortation (2) · skepticism (2) · argument (1) · reflection (1) · speech or oration (1)
“For, indeed, I hear the pensioners of the King have succeeded in estranging the affections of many from their cause.” Jean Calvin, Letters of John Calvin, Volume I · observation
“Very many are pining and wasting away in prison; others are scattered about everywhere in their flight.” Jean Calvin, Letters of John Calvin, Volume I · vivid
“Sacred Majesty, our most holy Father, Pope Paolo, sends this book of the Virgin as a present to your Majesty… nor this alone, but everything which you may have it in your mind to execute so long as life is left me, will I perform at your service.” Benvenuto Cellini, The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini · observation
Gibbon compares later European sackings to Alaric’s, arguing that Rome suffered worse under Charles V’s troops than from the Goths, and contrasts Italian, Spanish, and German cruelty and fanaticism in the early sixteenth century.
cities. The clergy, who applied to recent events the lofty metaphors of oriental prophecy, were sometimes tempted to confound the destruction of the capital and the dissolution of the globe. 108 (return) [ Orosius (l. ii. c. 19, p. 142) compares the cruelty of the Gauls and the clemency of the Goths. Ibi vix quemquam inventum senatorem, qui vel absens evaserit; hic vix quemquam requiri, qui forte u…
After the pope’s decision, Emperor Charles V confirms Cortés as governor of New Spain and orders reimbursement to Velázquez, then strips Velázquez of Cuba, while the bishop of Burgos withdraws and fresh accusations against Cortés begin.
endeavours in the service of Christianity. This letter was likewise accompanied by other bulls, by which absolution was granted us for all the sins we had committed during the conquest. After this very favorable decision of his holiness, both as supreme pontiff and governor of Spain, our agents themselves wrote to his majesty, who had just arrived from Flanders,[37] and inclosed certain papers which had been drawn u…
He illustrates divination’s power and danger with Francesco, Marquis of Saluzzo, who was swayed by prognostics toward Charles V’s side and later suffered, with a battle context near Fossano.
["It is useless to know what shall come to pass; it is a miserable thing to be tormented to no purpose." --Cicero, De Natura Deor., iii. 6.] yet are they of much less authority now than heretofore. Which makes so much more remarkable the example of Francesco, Marquis of Saluzzo, who being lieutenant to King Francis I. in his ultramontane army, infinitely favoured and esteemed in our court, and obliged to the king's…
Still writing from Strasbourg (1 July 1543), Calvin explains why the Emperor’s coming emboldens Metz Catholics, details why sending private letters fails, and plans to await an answer before proceeding to Metz.
two parties to agreement. All that he obtained from the majority of that assembly was a declaration by which the points in dispute were to be submitted to a Council. The third method, therefore, has been found the best, to send to Smalkald, which they would have done already, were it not that they have wished to get articles from us to set forth whatever might seem best to us. But to-morrow, please God, the messenge…
From Geneva on 24 July 1545, Calvin urges a supporter to renew energetic action for Waldensians in Provence, arguing the French king’s “moderation” is fake and persecutions will intensify without strong diplomatic pressure.
GENEVA, *24th July 1545*. Of the energy with which, you have espoused the cause of the brethren in Provence, I am myself the very best witness. Because I have no doubt that you continue still of the same mind and resolution, I shall not waste words by endeavouring at greater length to stir you up, that I may not seem to distrust your promise and your hearty desire to help them. But I shall merely warn you, and that …
Cellini recounts the Pope’s favour after his unfinished work, including advice on how to present the work to Emperor Charles V and how to speak without reverence.
the Pope was astonished, and showed me the most distinguished signs of favour, conceding at the same time that that beast Juvenale should have nothing more to do with me. I had nearly brought my work to its completion when the Emperor arrived, and numerous triumphal arches of great magnificence were erected in his honour. He entered Rome with extraordinary pomp, the description of which I leave to others, since I me…
The Pope sends two fine Turkish horses and a book of the Virgin to Emperor Charles V, where Cellini presents himself, secures courtly favour, and negotiates payment for his work.
XCI THE POPE ordered out two Turkish horses, which had belonged to Pope Clement, and were the most beautiful that ever came to Christendom. Messer Durante, [1] his chamberlain, was bidden to bring them through the lower galleries of the palace, and there to give them to the Emperor, repeating certain words which his Holiness dictated to him. We both went down together, and when we reached the presence of the Emperor…
Cellini completes his book and delivers it via the Pope’s grandson Sforza to Emperor Charles V, is paid for diamond and richly adorned book cover, then prepares to leave Rome for France.
and exclaimed: “Have patience, my dear Benvenuto, for I will give you a better reward for your virtues than the thousand crowns which Gaio tells me your work is worth.” On this I took my leave; and the Pope praised me in the presence of his household, among whom was the fellow Latino Juvenale, whom I have previously mentioned. This man, having become my enemy, assiduously strove to do me hurt; and noticing that the …
Instead of finalizing the cardinal’s plan, the King visits Cellini’s house and compares his silver Jupiter favorably to an ugly silver Hercules made for the Emperor; the King orders abbeys worth about two thousand crowns a year for Cellini through the Admiral Aniballe.
XXXIX AS I have just said, his Majesty affected to concur with the Cardinal, but his own private mind was otherwise made up. Accordingly, upon the day after his arrival, without solicitation upon my part, he came of his own accord to my house. I went to meet him, and conducted him through several rooms where divers works of art were on view. Beginning with the less important, I pointed out a quantity of things in br…