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Ambush tactics

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Often appears with: battle and tactics · military discipline and training · siege and fortification · naval warfare and sea power · treaties, truces, and peacemaking · terrain and surprise in battle · strategy and the aims of war · shape-changing sea god · sacrifice and delay · roman cavalry repulsed · respecting truces and protected property · numidian cavalry

Usually: narrative (4) · detachment (3) · argument (1) · sudden reversal of fortune (1) · the test or trial (1) · curiosity (1) · wonder (1)

The Odyssey of Homer primary

Homer · Composed in antiquity (date uncertain; likely 8th century BCE)
BOOK I. > BOOK IV. (8/17)

Menelaus explains his twenty-day delay at Pharos near Aegyptus, describes how Eidothee tells him to capture Proteus, and relays her detailed ambush method involving three men and holding Proteus through shape-changing.

[10] The only name for the Nile in Homer. Cf. Wilkinson, Ancient Egyptians (1878), vol. i., p. 7. “‘Art thou so very foolish, stranger, and feeble-witted, or art thou wilfully remiss, and hast pleasure in suffering? So long time art thou holden in the isle and canst find no issue therefrom, while the heart of thy company faileth within them?’ “Even so she spake, and I answered her saying: ‘I will speak forth, what …

The History of Rome, Books 27 to 36 secondary

Livy · c. 27 BCE–17 CE (composition of the History of Rome; these books 27–36 within that span)
BOOK XXVII. > BOOK XXXIV. (15/50)

At first light Porcius attacks, uses feigned retreat to draw barbarians from their gate, and turns cavalry panic into a close-quarters fight where the battle shifts anew.

battle, in a manner, began anew. They were no longer wounded by random blows from a distance, but, closing foot to foot, placed all their hope in courage and strength. 15. When the consul's men were now spent with fatigue, he reanimated their courage by bringing up into the fight some subsidiary cohorts from the second line. These formed a new front, and being fresh themselves, and with fresh weapons attacking the w…

The Aeneid primary

Virgil · c. 29–19 BCE
BOOK I > Part in the places where they fell are laid; (8/15)

Turnus sets an ambush in a narrow valley pass to counter Aeneas’s approach, while the goddess Phoebe/Latonian Phoebe watches and calls Opis to aid Camilla’s doomed campaign against her enemies.

This said, he warns Messapus to the war, Then ev’ry chief exhorts with equal care. All thus encourag’d, his own troops he joins, And hastes to prosecute his deep designs. Inclos’d with hills, a winding valley lies, By nature form’d for fraud, and fitted for surprise. A narrow track, by human steps untrode, Leads, thro’ perplexing thorns, to this obscure abode. High o’er the vale a steepy moun…

Utopia primary

Thomas More, Saint · 1516 (composed in Latin in two parts 1515-1516)
(57/69)

Utopians practice ambush and night retreat, fortify camps with trenches and walls built by the whole army, fight with pole-axes and arrows, and maintain truce by not burning or wasting enemy land.

counting the day their own, have turned the whole action, and, wresting out of their hands a victory that seemed certain and undoubted, while the vanquished have suddenly become victorious. “It is hard to tell whether they are more dexterous in laying or avoiding ambushes. They sometimes seem to fly when it is far from their thoughts; and when they intend to give ground, they do it so that it is very hard to find ou…

The Histories of Polybius, Vol. 1 (of 2) primary

Polybius · c. 160–118 BCE (composition of the Histories; later books/fragments extend beyond this span)
BOOK I > BOOK III (50/82)

Hannibal selects flat, treeless ground beside a stream with an overhanging thorny bank to stage an ambush, assigns Mago with selected cavalry and infantry, and plans a dawn attack to catch Romans unready.

[Sidenote: Hannibal prepares an ambuscade.] +71.+ Now he had some time before remarked a certain piece of ground which was flat and treeless, and yet well suited for an ambush, because there was a stream in it with a high overhanging bank thickly covered with thorns and brambles. Here he determined to entrap the enemy. The place was admirably adapted for putting them off their guard; because the Romans were always s…