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Hegel's Philosophy of Mind

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

passage 204 of 231 · Section I. Mind Subjective. > SECTION II. MIND OBJECTIVE. (31/35)

in brief
He links spiritual bondage in Catholicism to political bondage, then argues that philosophy can awaken nations to discern right and reason, thereby countering externalism and freeing spirit in actuality.

externalism by which the very meaning of spirit is perverted and misconceived at its source, and law and justice, morality and conscience, responsibility and duty are corrupted at their root.

Along with this principle of spiritual bondage, and these applications of it in the religious life, there can only go in the legislative and constitutional system a legal and moral bondage, and a state of lawlessness and immorality in political life. Catholicism has been loudly praised and is still often praised—logically enough—as the one religion which secures the stability of governments. But in reality this applies only to governments which are bound up with institutions founded on the bondage of the spirit (of that spirit which should have legal and moral liberty), i.e. with institutions that embody injustice and with a morally corrupt and barbaric state of society. But these governments are not aware that in fanaticism they have a terrible power, which does not rise in hostility against them, only so long as and only on condition that they remain sunk in the thraldom of injustice and immorality. But in mind there is a very different power available against that externalism and dismemberment induced by a false religion. Mind collects itself into its inward free actuality. Philosophy awakes in the spirit of governments and nations the wisdom to discern what is essentially and actually right and reasonable in the real world. It was well to call these products of thought, and in a special sense Philosophy, the wisdom of the world(170); for thought makes the spirit’s truth an actual present, leads it into the real world, and thus liberates it in its actuality and in its own self.

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topics: counsel and advisers to rulers · political legitimacy and consent · religious persecution and toleration

Hegel's Philosophy of Mind · Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · 1827–1830