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History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1

Edward Gibbon · 1782 (Written); 1845 (Revised)

passage 267 of 518 · Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The > part, either of infantry or cavalry; and above all, by the use of

in brief
Gibbon narrates the Decian conflict: Decius finds Goths before Nicopolis, pursues them to the siege of Philippopolis, suffers a Roman defeat when the camp is surprised, and endures the sack with mass casualties.

the Teutonic, or of the Sclavonian language; the last of which has been diffused by conquest, from the confines of Italy to the neighborhood of Japan.

22 (return) [ The Heruli, and the Uregundi or Burgundi, are particularly mentioned. See Mascou’s History of the Germans, l. v. A passage in the Augustan History, p. 28, seems to allude to this great emigration. The Marcomannic war was partly occasioned by the pressure of barbarous tribes, who fled before the arms of more northern barbarians.]

23 (return) [ D’Anville, Geographie Ancienne, and the third part of his incomparable map of Europe.]

24 (return) [ Tacit. Germania, c. 46.]

25 (return) [ Cluver. Germ. Antiqua, l. iii. c. 43.]

251 (return) [ The Bastarnæ cannot be considered original inhabitants of Germany Strabo and Tacitus appear to doubt it; Pliny alone calls them Germans: Ptolemy and Dion treat them as Scythians, a vague appellation at this period of history; Livy, Plutarch, and Diodorus Siculus, call them Gauls, and this is the most probable opinion. They descended from the Gauls who entered Germany under Signoesus. They are always found associated with other Gaulish tribes, such as the Boll, the Taurisci, &c., and not to the German tribes. The names of their chiefs or princes, Chlonix, Chlondicus. Deldon, are not German names. Those who were settled in the island of Peuce in the Danube, took the name of Peucini. The Carpi appear in 237 as a Suevian tribe who had made an irruption into Mæsia. Afterwards they reappear under the Ostrogoths, with whom they were probably blended. Adelung, p. 236, 278.—G.]

26 (return) [ The Venedi, the Slavi, and the Antes, were the three great tribes of the same people. Jornandes, 24. * Note Dagger: They formed the great Sclavonian nation.—G.]

27 (return) [ Tacitus most assuredly deserves that title, and even his cautious suspense is a proof of his diligent inquiries.]

271 (return) [ Jac. Reineggs supposed that he had found, in the mountains of Caucasus, some descendants of the Alani. The Tartars call them Edeki-Alan: they speak a peculiar dialect of the ancient language of the Tartars of Caucasus. See J. Reineggs’ Descr. of Caucasus, p. 11, 13.—G. According to Klaproth, they are the Ossetes of the present day in Mount Caucasus and were the same with the Albanians of antiquity. Klaproth, Hist. de l’Asie, p. 180.—M.]

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topics: battle and tactics · plague, famine, and mass death

History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 · Edward Gibbon · 1782–1845