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History of the Wars, Books III and IV: The Vandalic War

Procopius of Caesarea · c. 550s CE (composition of History of the Wars) primary

passage 60 of 155 · BOOK III.--THE VANDALIC WAR 1 > BOOK IV (3/67)

in brief
Belisarius sends horsemen and scouts under John the Armenian while the Massagetae plan neutral-on-the-outside support, and the Roman and Vandal armies bivouac near Tricamarum; during the night Roman spears’ tips light up as a prodigy seen as an omen.

strength and does not allow them to make full use of their present opportunities. Considering, then, all these things, it behooves you to go with great contempt against the enemy."

II

After such words of exhortation, Belisarius sent out all the horsemen on the same day, except five hundred, and also the guardsmen and the standard, which the Romans call "bandum,"[1] entrusting them to John the Armenian, and directing him to skirmish only, if opportunity should arise. And he himself on the following day followed with the infantry forces and the five hundred horsemen. And the Massagetae, deliberating among themselves, decided, in order to seem in friendly agreement with both Gelimer and Belisarius, neither to begin fighting for the Romans nor to go over to the Vandals before the encounter, but whenever the situation of one or the other army should be bad, then to join the victors in their pursuit of the vanquished. Thus, then, had this matter been decided upon by the barbarians. And the Roman army came upon the Vandals encamped in Tricamarum, one hundred and fifty stades distant from Carthage. So they both bivouacked there at a considerable distance from one another. And when it was well on in the night, a prodigy came to pass in the Roman camp as follows. The tips of their spears were lighted with a bright fire and the points of them seemed to be burning most vigorously. This was not seen by many, but it filled with consternation the few who did see it, not knowing how it would come out. And this happened to the Romans in Italy again at a much later time. And at that time, since they knew by experience, they believed it to be a sign of victory. But now, as I have said, since this was the first time it had happened, they were filled with consternation and passed the night in great fear.

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topics: battle and tactics · military discipline and training · omens, portents, and signs

History of the Wars, Books III and IV: The Vandalic War · Procopius of Caesarea · 550–559