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History of the Wars, Books I and II: The Persian War

Procopius of Caesarea · c. 545–555 CE (composition of History of the Wars, Books I–II, covering the Persian war material) primary

passage 9 of 187 · BOOK I.--THE PERSIAN WAR 1 > BOOK I (4/70)

in brief
It describes the Ephthalitae (White Huns) north of Persia and their customs, then sets up Perozes’ boundary war against them and the military deception that lures him into a mountain trap.

III

At a later time the Persian King Perozes became involved in a war concerning boundaries with the nation of the Ephthalitae Huns, who are called White Huns, gathered an imposing army, and marched against them. The Ephthalitae are of the stock of the Huns in fact as well as in name; however they do not mingle with any of the Huns known to us, for they occupy a land neither adjoining nor even very near to them; but their territory lies immediately to the north of Persia; indeed their city, called Gorgo, is located over against the Persian frontier, and is consequently the centre of frequent contests concerning boundary lines between the two peoples. For they are not nomads like the other Hunnic peoples, but for a long period have been established in a goodly land. As a result of this they have never made any incursion into the Roman territory except in company with the Median army. They are the only ones among the Huns who have white bodies and countenances which are not ugly. It is also true that their manner of living is unlike that of their kinsmen, nor do they live a savage life as they do; but they are ruled by one king, and since they possess a lawful constitution, they observe right and justice in their dealings both with one another and with their neighbours, in no degree less than the Romans and the Persians. Moreover, the wealthy citizens are in the habit of attaching to themselves friends to the number of twenty or more, as the case may be, and these become permanently their banquet-companions, and have a share in all their property, enjoying some kind of a common right in this matter. Then, when the man who has gathered such a company together comes to die, it is the custom that all these men be borne alive into the tomb with him.

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topics: arms, armor, and machines · conquest, plunder, and captives

History of the Wars, Books I and II: The Persian War · Procopius of Caesarea · 545–555