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Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius

Niccolò Machiavelli · c. 1517–1519

passage 204 of 262 · BOOK I. > CHAPTER VI.—*Of Conspiracies.* (17/17)

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in brief
He rejects two harmful approaches—executing an informer (the Duke of Athens) and staging a fake conspiracy to test a suspect (Dion of Syracuse with Calippus)—showing how both lead to tyranny’s downfall.

rushed to arms, and taking the town from the Florentines, made Guglielmo their prisoner. Where, however, conspiracies are weak, they may and should be put down without scruple or hesitation.

Two methods, somewhat opposed to one another, which have occasionally been followed in dealing with conspiracies, are in no way to be commended. One of these was that adopted by the Duke of Athens, of whom I have just now spoken, who to have it thought that he confided in the goodwill of the Florentines, caused a certain man who gave information of a plot against him, to be put to death. The other was that followed by Dion the Syracusan, who, to sound the intentions of one whom he suspected, arranged with Calippus, whom he trusted, to pretend to get up a conspiracy against him. Neither of these tyrants reaped any advantage from the course he followed. For the one discouraged informers and gave heart to those who were disposed to conspire, the other prepared an easy road to his own death, or rather was prime mover in a conspiracy against himself. As the event showed. For Calippus having free leave to plot against Dion, plotted to such effect, that he deprived him at once of his State and life.

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topics: conspiracy and assassination · tyranny and despotism

Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius · Niccolò Machiavelli · 1517–1519