Alexandria

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The Reign of Tiberius, Out of the First Six Annals of Tacitus;

Tacitus, Cornelius · c. 100-116 CE (composition of the Annals/Annales portion covering Tiberius) primary

passage 197 of 205 · BOOK I > BOOK VI (59/63)

↪ you wandered here via “ancient battlefield stone weapons” — the connecting lines are tinted below

in brief
The battle begins at a distance as Britons evade Roman missiles, then Batavian and Tungrian cohorts close in; British cavalry and war-chariots disintegrate, and Agricola turns the rout into a systematic pursuit.

to bring on the legions, he, who rather entertained a spirit of hope, and in all difficulties was ever firm, dismissed his horse and advanced on foot before the banners.

In the beginning of the onset the conflict was maintained at a distance. The Britons, they who were possessed at once of bravery and skill, armed with their huge swords and small bucklers, quite eluded our missive weapons, or beat them quite off, whilst of their own they poured a torrent upon us, till Agricola encouraged three Batavian cohorts and two of the Tungrians, to close with the enemy and bring them to an engagement hand to hand; as what was with those veteran soldiers a long practice, and become familiar, but to the enemy very uneasy and embarrassing, as they were armed with very little targets and with swords of enormous size. For, the swords of the Britons, which are blunt at the end, are unfit for grapling and cannot support a close encounter. Hence the Batavians thickened their blows, wounded them with the iron bosses of their bucklers, mangled their faces, and, bearing down all who withstood them upon the plain, were already carrying the attack up to the hills: insomuch that the rest of the cohorts, incited by emulation and sudden ardour, joined with those and made havoc of all whom they encountered. Nay, such was the impetuosity and hurry of the victory, that many were left behind but half dead, others not so much as wounded. In the meantime their troops of cavalry took to flight: the chariots of war mingled with the battalions of foot; and though they had so lately struck terror, were now themselves beset and entangled with our thick bands, as also with the unevenness and intricacy of the place. Of a combat of cavalry this bore not the least appearance: since here, standing obstinately foot to foot, they pressed to overthrow each other by the weight and bodies of their horses. Moreover the war-chariots, now abandoned and straggling, as also the horses destitute of managers and thence wild and affrighted, were running hither and thither just as the next fright drove them; insomuch that all of their own side, who met them or crossed their way, were beaten down by them.

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topics: battle and tactics · conquest, plunder, and captives · military discipline and training

The Reign of Tiberius, Out of the First Six Annals of Tacitus; · Tacitus, Cornelius · 100–116