HKB
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Often appears with: strategy and the aims of war · diplomacy and embassies · conquest, plunder, and captives · treaties, truces, and peacemaking · thessalonica council debate · roman senate and envoys · roman reaction to saguntum · requesting reinforcements · philip v of macedon · nicene faith · mobilization and recruitment · military levies
Usually: detachment (3) · indignation (3) · narrative (2) · argument (1) · dialogue (1) · speech or oration (1) · grief and loss (1) · sudden reversal of fortune (1)
“The momentous question of peace or war was referred, by Theodosius, to the deliberation of his council; and the arguments which might be alleged on the side of honor and justice, had acquired, since the death of Gratian, a considerable degree of additional weight.” Edward Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire · observation
Livy reports the aftermath and spoil from Saguntum, then describes Roman reactions in Rome—grief, fear, rage—leading to war planning and lotteries dividing Spain for Cornelius and Africa with Sicily for Sempronius.
about to excite the nations of Gaul, ever desirous of war; and that a war against the world was to be maintained in Italy and before the walls of Rome. 17. The provinces had already been previously named for the consuls; and having been now ordered to cast lots for them, Spain fell to Cornelius, and Africa with Sicily to Sempronius. Six legions were decreed for that year, and as many of the allies as should seem goo…
As war begins, Turnus prepares his forces and sends to Diomedes, while Aeneas seeks help from Evander and the Tuscans; meanwhile, Vulcan makes arms for Aeneas at Venus’ request.
THE ARGUMENT. The war being now begun, both the generals make all possible preparations. Turnus sends to Diomedes. Aeneas goes in person to beg succours from Evander and the Tuscans. Evander receives him kindly, furnishes him with men, and sends his son Pallas with him. Vulcan, at the request of Venus, makes arms for her son Aeneas, and draws on his shield the most memorable actions of …
At Thessalonica Theodosius visits the imperial family, warns Justina on Nicene orthodoxy, debates war with his council, and—moved by Galla and Justina’s strategy—prepares eastern forces against Maximus.
72 (return) [ The modest censure of Sulpicius (Dialog. iii. 15) inflicts a much deeper wound than the declamation of Pacatus, (xii. 25, 26.)] 73 (return) [ Esto tutior adversus hominem, pacis involurco tegentem, was the wise caution of Ambrose (tom. ii. p. 891) after his return from his second embassy.] 74 (return) [ Baronius (A.D. 387, No. 63) applies to this season of public distress some of the…
Florentines prepare for war, justify their case to allies, resist papal interdict by forcing services and convening a council, and argue the pope’s supposed treachery and tyranny as armies mobilize.
The Florentines prepare for war against the pope--They appeal to a future council--Papal and Neapolitan movements against the Florentines--The Venetians refuse to assist the Florentines--Disturbances in Milan--Genoa revolts from the duke--Futile endeavors to effect peace with the pope--The Florentines repulse their enemies from the territory of Pisa--They attack the papal states--The papal forces routed upon the bord…
Greek envoys in Rome argue that Philip’s control of Chalcis, Corinth, and Demetrias enslaves Greece, urges the Senate to force evacuation or prosecute war, and rebuffs Philip’s reply when his envoys lack instructions.
[Sidenote: The speeches of the Greek envoys in the Senate.] +11.+ Now these envoys arrived in Rome before the Senate had settled the provinces of the Consuls appointed for this year, and whether it would be necessary to send both to Gaul, or one of them against Philip. But the friends of Flamininus having assured themselves that both Consuls would remain in Italy owing to the threat of an attack from the Celts, all …