HKB
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Often appears with: scripture and its interpretation · the nature and attributes of God · reason and the intellect · religious persecution and toleration · incarnation · the problem of evil and theodicy · st athanasius · socinian philosophy · reflection · redemption of mankind · person terminology · natural theology critique
Usually: argument (6) · curiosity (3) · detachment (3) · skepticism (3) · reflection (2) · crisis of belief (2) · reverence (2) · letter or document (1) · indignation (1) · wonder (1)
“Faith is the substance of the things we hope for, And evidence of those that are not seen;” Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy, Longfellow's Translation, Paradise · precept
“He tells me he will come hither again quickly, and is promised "an habitation in Emanuel College.” James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Volume 1 · observation
“Of this article nothing can be yielded or surrendered [nor can anything be granted or permitted contrary to the same], even though heaven and earth, and whatever will not abide, should sink to ruin.” Martin Luther, The Smalcald Articles · insight
“For it has been held that this sacrifice or work of the Mass, even though it be rendered by a wicked [and abandoned] scoundrel, frees men from sins, both in this life and also in purgatory, while only the Lamb of God shall and must do this, as has been said above.” Martin Luther, The Smalcald Articles · observation
“It is only where the belief required of them jars with their moral feelings; where a doctrine in the sense, in which they have been taught to receive it, appears to contradict their clear notions of right and wrong.” Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection; and, The Confessions of an Inqui · insight
Luther’s First and Second Parts set orthodox Trinitarian and Christological beliefs, then makes justification by Christ’s death and resurrection the “chief article” that cannot be surrendered.
The first and chief article is this, That Jesus Christ, our God and Lord, died for our sins, and was raised again for our justification, Rom. 4, 25. And He alone is the Lamb of God which taketh away the sins of the world, John 1, 29; and God has laid upon Him the iniquities of us all, Is. 53, 6. Likewise: All have sinned and are justified without merit [freely, and without their own works or merits] by His grace, …
A full extract of Dr. Sharp’s 1765 letter narrates Johnson’s visit to Cambridge, his enthusiastic conversations about books and Milton, his recitation of a Greek-sonnet-related text, and plans to return to Emanuel College.
JOHNSON AT CAMBRIDGE. (Page 487.) The following is the full extract of Dr. Sharp's letter giving an account of Johnson's visit to Cambridge in 1765:-- 'Camb. Mar. 1, 1765. 'As to Johnson, you will be surprised to hear that I have had him in the chair in which I am now writing. He has ascended my aërial citadel. He came down on a Saturday evening, with a Mr. Beauclerk, who has a friend at Trinity. Caliban, you may…
Calvin argues Scripture teaches one God in three persons, explaining “person”/hypostasis as a necessary term to avoid treating Father, Son, and Spirit as three gods or as mere labels without real distinctions.
explain the nature of God, but accommodate the knowledge of him to our narrow capacity; to accomplish which, the Scripture must necessarily descend far below the height of his majesty. II. But he also designates himself by another peculiar character, by which he may be yet more clearly distinguished; for, while he declares himself to be but One, he proposes himself to be distinctly considered in Three Persons, witho…
A blessed soul with Dante’s guide insists on examining his knowledge of the Faith, prompting Dante to define faith, evidence, and the Trinity, and to explain how miracles confirm Christianity.
Thus Beatrice; and those souls beatified Transformed themselves to spheres on steadfast poles, Flaming intensely in the guise of comets. And as the wheels in works of horologes Revolve so that the first to the beholder Motionless seems, and the last one to fly, So in like manner did those carols, dancing In different measure, of their affluence Give me the gauge, as they were swift or slow. From th…
Leibniz argues that disputes over the use of philosophy in theology mostly turn on the Trinity, Incarnation, and Eucharist, where different anti-Trinitarian groups employ philosophical maxims.
in the substance. The divergence rests perhaps only upon the fact that Calvin demands true faith in addition to the oral reception of the symbols, and consequently excludes the unworthy. 19. Thence we see that the dogma of real and substantial participation can be supported (without resorting to the strange opinions of some Schoolmen) by a properly understood analogy between *immediate operation* and *presence*. Man…
He states that all sides agree revelation must not contradict strict truths like mathematics, warns against abandoning logical principles for mystery-protecting doctrines, and critiques claims that the Trinity undermines contradiction.
probable when regarded only from the standpoint of reason; but it suffices that they have in them nothing of absurdity. Thus demonstrations are required if they are to be refuted. 29. And doubtless we are so to understand it when Holy Scripture warns us that the wisdom of God is foolishness before men, and when St. Paul observed that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is foolishness unto the Greeks, as well as unto the Jews…
Coleridge explains he will not treat the Trinity or the origins of moral evil, arguing they exceed “reflection” and matter mainly when faith clashes with moral conscience.
amply stored with all the knowledge that books and long intercourse with men of the most discordant characters could give, under the convictions, impressions, and habits of a Spiritual Religion. To obviate a possible disappointment in any of my readers, who may chance to be engaged in theological studies, it may be well to notice, that in vindicating the peculiar tenets of our Faith, I have not entered on the Doctri…
Coleridge distinguishes his views on God from mere logical deductions: everyday believers understand God as a real personal being, and the Trinity’s discussion rests on redemption, not forced reasoning.
the doctrine had no claim on the faith of mankind; though it might have been a legitimate contemplation for a speculative philosopher, a theorem in metaphysics valid in the Schools. I form a certain notion in my mind, and say:--This is what *I* understand by the term, God. From books and conversation I find, that the learned generally connect the same notion with the same word. I then apply the rules, laid down by t…
He explains that misuse of strictly natural reasoning on spiritual realities makes the whole argument irrational, then introduces Christianity’s key doctrines while criticizing natural theology as misleading.
are applied to *spiritual* realities, it may be truly said, that the more strictly logical the reasoning is in all its *parts*, the more irrational it is as a *whole*. To the reader thus armed and prepared, I now venture to present the so called mysteries of Faith, that is, the peculiar tenets and especial constituents of Christianity, or Religion in spirit and in truth. In right order I must have commenced with the…