HKB
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Often appears with: religious persecution and toleration · pharisees · scripture and its interpretation · essenes · warburton's exegesis · the fear of death · septuagint translation · roman views of death · resurrection of the dead · providence and divine governance · patriarchal hope · new testament doctrine
Usually: argument (2) · commentary or gloss (2) · curiosity (2) · detachment (2) · exhortation (2) · skepticism (2) · narrative (1) · reflection (1) · coming of age (1) · confronting death (1)
“when they determine that all things are done by fate, they do not take away the freedom from men of acting as they think fit;” Josephus, Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews · insight
Josephus describes his upbringing in Jerusalem, his early learning, how leaders consulted him on Jewish law, and his adolescent decision to study the three major Jewish sects.
the genealogy of my family as I have found it described [2] in the public records, and so bid adieu to those who calumniate me [as of a lower original]. 2. Now, my father Matthias was not only eminent on account of his nobility, but had a higher commendation on account of his righteousness, and was in great reputation in Jerusalem, the greatest city we have. I was myself brought up with my brother, whose name was Ma…
Josephus explains Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes as Jewish philosophical sects, describing beliefs about fate, free will, immortality of the soul, and rewards or punishments after death.
which I will discourse a little, and this the rather because the infection which spread thence among the younger sort, who were zealous for it, brought the public to destruction. 2. The Jews had for a great while had three sects of philosophy peculiar to themselves; the sect of the Essens, and the sect of the Sadducees, and the third sort of opinions was that of those called Pharisees; of which sects, although I hav…
Calvin asserts angels are real ministering spirits used by God for protecting his people, rejects Sadducean denial of angels, and rebuts misunderstandings that treat angels as mere motions.
mysteries, the full revelation of which is deferred to the last day. Wherefore let us remember that we ought to avoid too much curiosity of research, and presumption of language. IX. But this, which is called in question by some restless men, must be received as a certain truth, that angels are ministering spirits, whose service God uses for the protection of his people, and by whom he dispenses his benefits among m…
Calvin argues that God’s promises to the patriarchs extend beyond death, since God’s mercy continues through generations and Christ’s argument with the Sadducees implies resurrection.
souls; for the soul, unless united to God by righteousness, remains alienated from him at death. But let that union take place, and it will be attended with eternal salvation. IX. Moreover, he not only declared himself to be their God, but promised to continue so for ever; in order that their hope, not contented with present blessings, might be extended to eternity. And that the use of the future tense conveyed this…
Voltaire defends the New Testament’s revelation of the soul’s immortality by attacking Warburton’s alternative readings, recalling refutations by scholars, and contrasting Roman skepticism about afterlife punishment.
OF THE NEED OF REVELATION The greatest benefit we owe to the New Testament is that it has revealed to us the immortality of the soul. It is in vain, therefore, that this fellow Warburton tried to cloud over this important truth, by continually representing in his legation of Moses that "the ancient Jews knew nothing of this necessary dogma, and that the Sadducees did not admit it in the time of our Lord Jesus." He …
Coleridge explains that differences between Old and New Testament moral emphases reflect language and translation (Hebrew vs Greek), then corrects Jewish sect misconceptions by describing Pharisees as rigid legalists and Sadducees as few, wealthy, and anti–future-state.
Old Testament from the Hebrew Original, in the New Testament from the freer Greek translation. The text, *I give you a new commandment*, has no connection with the present subject. 2 There is a current mistake on this point likewise, though this article of the Jewish Belief is not only asserted by St. Paul, but is elsewhere spoken of as common to the Twelve Tribes. The mistake consists in supposing the Pharisees to …