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Human improvement

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Often appears with: justice as a virtue · virtue conflict · social reform and morals · self-overcoming · reason and the intellect · madness before the deed · judicial mercy · judges and legal authority · jealousy · intuition vs experience · innate character · harm from internal contradiction

Usually: argument (2) · exhortation (2) · injustice endured (1) · the test or trial (1) · detachment (1) · skepticism (1)

Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None primary

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche · Composed 1881–1885 (main composition period), first published 1883–1885
(23/154)

Zarathustra instructs judges and sacrificers to treat the pale criminal’s slaying as pity, separating thought, deed, and idea, and interpreting madness as preceding murderous desire rather than mere revenge.

Jealous is every virtue of the others, and a dreadful thing is jealousy. Even virtues may succumb by jealousy. He whom the flame of jealousy encompasseth, turneth at last, like the scorpion, the poisoned sting against himself. Ah! my brother, hast thou never seen a virtue backbite and stab itself? Man is something that hath to be surpassed: and therefore shalt thou love thy virtues,—for thou wilt succumb by them.—…

Autobiography primary

John Stuart Mill · c. 1850-1858
CHAPTER I 1806-1819 > CHAPTER VII. (24/44)

He argues that the dispute between intuition and experience-based association is not abstract but shapes practical reform, because intuition-centered views treat character differences as innate and thereby hinder rational social improvement.

as one of the pillars, and in this country from his high philosophical reputation the chief pillar, of that one of the two which seemed to me to be erroneous. Now, the difference between these two schools of philosophy, that of Intuition, and that of Experience and Association, is not a mere matter of abstract speculation; it is full of practical consequences, and lies at the foundation of all the greatest differenc…