HKB
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Often appears with: conquest, plunder, and captives · naval warfare and sea power · military discipline and training · hannibal · diplomacy and embassies · contracts, oaths, and obligation · tyber invasion · treaty · theodosius · the city and urban life · strategy and the aims of war · self-led command
Usually: narrative (5) · censure (2) · detachment (2) · argument (1) · commentary or gloss (1) · law or decree (1) · ambition and its cost (1) · captivity (1) · coming of age (1) · confronting death (1)
“Then please to allow me too now, O Romans, to maintain my authority by ’sailing back’ to see what I can get from Carthage.” Polybius, The Histories of Polybius, Vol. 1 (of 2) · wit
The enemy storms Asena and briefly gains territory, but later becomes undisciplined; Hasdrubal regains control after a chaotic battle, then receives orders from Carthage to march into Italy and reports the strategic effects of the rumor.
men he should have occasion for. The consul Caius Terentius Varro was continued in his command for one year, without lessening the army he had for the defence of Apulia. 26. During these transactions and preparations in Italy, the war in Spain was prosecuted with no less vigour; but hitherto more favourably to the Romans. The two generals had divided their troops, so that Cneius acted by land, and Publius by sea. Ha…
He argues princes should personally command if they use arms, praises citizen armies as harder to subjugate than foreign-armed forces, and uses Carthage, Thebes, and Italian condottieri examples to show mercenaries bring loss and domination risks.
their own citizens for captains. After the death of Epaminondas, Philip of Macedon was made captain of their soldiers by the Thebans, and after victory he took away their liberty. Duke Filippo being dead, the Milanese enlisted Francesco Sforza against the Venetians, and he, having overcome the enemy at Caravaggio,[2] allied himself with them to crush the Milanese, his masters. His father, Sforza, having been engaged…
Honorius’s brief calm is shattered by Heraclian’s usurpation from Africa, his large fleet sails to invade Italy, is routed, and is executed while Honorius remains in Ravenna’s palace.
Erige crinales lauros, seniumque sacrati Verticis in virides, Roma, recinge comas, &c.] This apparent tranquillity was soon disturbed by the approach of a hostile armament from the country which afforded the daily subsistence of the Roman people. Heraclian, count of Africa, who, under the most difficult and distressful circumstances, had supported, with active loyalty, the cause of Honorius, …
Belisarius sends an oath-guard with Cyprian to Papua, brings Gelimer as a captive to Carthage, allows no dishonor, and then seeks permission to take him to Byzantium.
indeed, as soon as you give the pledges, shall put both myself into your hands and these kinsmen of mine and the Vandals, as many as are here with us." Such were the words written by Gelimer in this letter. And Pharas, having signified this to Belisarius, as well as what they had previously written to each other, begged him to declare as quickly as possible what his wish was. And Belisarius (since he was greatly des…
After the plot against Hieronymus of Syracuse, he sends ambassadors to Hannibal in Italy (with brothers to Alexandria); Hannibal receives them warmly, returns envoys, and prompts Hieronymus to consider an alliance.
[Sidenote: The Roman praetor sends to remonstrate. A scene with the king.] +3.+ Meanwhile intelligence of this transaction had reached the Roman praetor at Lilybaeum, who immediately despatched legates to Hieronymus, to renew the treaty which had been made with his ancestors. Being thoroughly annoyed with this embassy, Hieronymus said that “He was sorry for the Romans that they had come to such utter and shameful gr…
A sworn treaty between Hannibal and King Philip V and their states is described, listing the officials, the gods who witness the oath, and key terms of mutual alliance against enemies of each side.
more conspicuous and widely known throughout Greece than is the case with any other man; as well as the contrast between the results accompanying the display of those opposite tendencies. Now that, upon his accession to the throne, Thessaly, Macedonia, and in fact all parts of his own kingdom were more thoroughly loyal and well disposed to him, young as he was on his succeeding to the government of Macedonia, than t…
At Carthage, Belisarius catches Antonina with the Thracian youth Theodosius but is misled; a slave woman Macedonia later exposes them, leading to Theodosius’s escape to Ephesus and the mutilation of witnesses.
in the presence of her servants and handmaidens; for she was by this time so mad with lust, that she disregarded everything that stood in the way of her passion. Once, when they were at Carthage, Belisarius caught her in the act, but permitted himself to be deceived by his wife. He found them both together in an underground chamber, and was furiously enraged at the sight; but she showed no sign of fear or a desire t…
A biographical sketch presents Lucius Apuleius as a learned Platonist from Madaura, educated across Carthage and Athens, later writing many works including the Golden Ass.
to great eloquence, and was known and approved to be excellently learned, whereby he might worthily be called Polyhistor, that is to say, one that knoweth much or many things. And being thus no lesse endued with eloquence, than with singular learning, he wrote many books for them that should come after: whereof part by negligence of times be now intercepted and part now extant, doe sufficiently declare, with how muc…