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Democracy in America — Volume 1

Alexis de Tocqueville · ca. 1830-1835

passage 42 of 354 · Book One > Chapter Summary (7/7)

in brief
He claims equality in society must eventually shape politics, leading either to equal citizens’ rights or to one man’s absolute power, with democratic nations driven especially by equality over liberty.

to obtain liberty, and if they miss their aim resign themselves to their disappointment; but nothing can satisfy them except equality, and rather than lose it they resolve to perish.

On the other hand, in a State where the citizens are nearly on an equality, it becomes difficult for them to preserve their independence against the aggressions of power. No one among them being strong enough to engage in the struggle with advantage, nothing but a general combination can protect their liberty. And such a union is not always to be found.

From the same social position, then, nations may derive one or the other of two great political results; these results are extremely different from each other, but they may both proceed from the same cause.

The Anglo-Americans are the first nations who, having been exposed to this formidable alternative, have been happy enough to escape the dominion of absolute power. They have been allowed by their circumstances, their origin, their intelligence, and especially by their moral feeling, to establish and maintain the sovereignty of the people.

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topics: forms of government · justice as a virtue · rights and liberties

Democracy in America — Volume 1 · Alexis de Tocqueville · 1830–1835