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On the Nature of Things

Titus Lucretius Carus · c. 60–55 BCE (books composed over this period) primary

passage 141 of 143 · BOOK I > BOOK VI (24/26)

in brief
Lucretius explains magnet-like attraction and repulsion between iron, a magnet stone, and brass, arguing that metal movement depends on how “tides” fill passages with atoms.

In sooth, that ring is thither borne along To where 'thas once plunged headlong--thither, lo, Unto the void whereto it took its start.

It happens, too, at times that nature of iron Shrinks from this stone away, accustomed By turns to flee and follow. Yea, I've seen Those Samothracian iron rings leap up, And iron filings in the brazen bowls Seethe furiously, when underneath was set The magnet stone. So strongly iron seems To crave to flee that rock. Such discord great Is gendered by the interposed brass, Because, forsooth, when first the tide of brass Hath seized upon and held possession of The iron's open passage-ways, thereafter Cometh the tide of the stone, and in that iron Findeth all spaces full, nor now hath holes To swim through, as before. 'Tis thus constrained With its own current 'gainst the iron's fabric To dash and beat; by means whereof it spues Forth from itself--and through the brass stirs up-- The things which otherwise without the brass It sucks into itself. In these affairs Marvel thou not that from this stone the tide Prevails not likewise other things to move With its own blows: for some stand firm by weight, As gold; and some cannot be moved forever, Because so porous in their framework they That there the tide streams through without a break, Of which sort stuff of wood is seen to be. Therefore, when iron (which lies between the two) Hath taken in some atoms of the brass, Then do the streams of that Magnesian rock Move iron by their smitings.

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topics: experiment, observation, and evidence · fate, destiny, and necessity · matter, motion, and cause

On the Nature of Things · Titus Lucretius Carus · 60–55 BCE