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Opticks

Isaac Newton · 1675 (Books I-II); ~1687 (Books II-III completion) [with later assembly before 1704]; opening notes say third Book + last Proposition of Second added about twelve years after 1675; fourth-edition corrections copied from Third Edition corrected by author and left before his death (1710s) primary

passage 111 of 188 · Book might be made to converge and meet again at the distance of six > Book. In this Proposition I content my self to have put it past dispute, that Bodies have such Properties, and thence appear colour'd. (30/43)

in brief
Newton explains that thin water-bubble films show very black spots where reflection is minimal, supporting his claim that transparent bodies like water, salt, glass, and stones have pores too small to reflect light.

the Water-bubble where it became thinnest was almost insensible, so as to cause very black Spots to appear on the top of the Bubble, by the want of reflected Light.

On these grounds I perceive it is that Water, Salt, Glass, Stones, and such like Substances, are transparent. For, upon divers Considerations, they seem to be as full of Pores or Interstices between their parts as other Bodies are, but yet their Parts and Interstices to be too small to cause Reflexions in their common Surfaces.

PROP. V.

The transparent parts of Bodies, according to their several sizes, reflect Rays of one Colour, and transmit those of another, on the same grounds that thin Plates or Bubbles do reflect or transmit those Rays. And this I take to be the ground of all their Colours.

For if a thinn'd or plated Body, which being of an even thickness, appears all over of one uniform Colour, should be slit into Threads, or broken into Fragments, of the same thickness with the Plate; I see no reason why every Thread or Fragment should not keep its Colour, and by consequence why a heap of those Threads or Fragments should not constitute a Mass or Powder of the same Colour, which the Plate exhibited before it was broken. And the parts of all natural Bodies being like so many Fragments of a Plate, must on the same grounds exhibit the same Colours.

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topics: experiment, observation, and evidence · matter, motion, and cause

Opticks · Isaac Newton · 1675–1687