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Principles of Geology

Charles Lyell · Composed as a long-running edition/author’s revision culminating in the 9th edition; prefaced May 24, 1853.

passage 645 of 788 · BOOK I. (CHAPTERS I. TO XIII.) > CHAPTER XLV. (6/11)

in brief
Lyell describes how peat-mosses can burst and sweep away land, illustrating with Solway moss’s wartime horse-and-man skeletons and later inundations in 1772 and examples from Sligo in 1831.

by peat-diggers, in the place where it was always supposed the affair had happened. The skeleton of each was well preserved, and the different parts of the armor easily distinguished."[1019]

The same moss, on the 16th of December, 1772, having been filled like a great sponge with water during heavy rains, swelled to an unusual height above the surrounding country, and then burst. The turfy covering seemed for a time to act like the skin of a bladder retaining the fluid within, till it forced a passage for itself, when a stream of black half-consolidated mud began at first to creep over the plain, resembling, in the rate of its progress, an ordinary lava-current. No lives were lost, but the deluge totally overwhelmed some cottages, and covered 400 acres. The highest parts of the original moss subsided to the depth of about twenty-five feet; and the height of the moss, on the lowest parts of the country which it invaded, was at least fifteen feet.

Bursting of a peat-moss in Ireland.--A recent inundation in Sligo (January, 1831), affords another example of this phenomenon. After a sudden thaw of snow, the bog between Bloomfield and Geevah gave way; and a black deluge, carrying with it the contents of a hundred acres of bog, took the direction of a small stream and rolled on with the violence of a torrent, sweeping along heath, timber, mud, and stones, and overwhelming many meadows and arable land. On passing through some boggy land, the flood swept out a wide and deep ravine, and part of the road leading from Bloomfield to St. James's Well was completely carried away from below the foundation for the breadth of 200 yards.

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topics: fossils and the record of past life · plague, famine, and mass death

Principles of Geology · Charles Lyell · 1830–1853