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Landmarks of Scientific Socialism: "Anti-Duehring"

Friedrich Engels · 1877-1878 primary

passage 116 of 149 · CHAPTER I PAGE > CHAPTER VIII (19/35)

in brief
Engels argues that if Duehring treats mastery of man over man as universal and explains current conditions as class antagonisms, then his “force” explanation becomes circular, so the origin of master and subject classes must be explained historically.

or by means of tenants, like the socage tenure, since the Middle Ages, and then what has been the social function of the greater landlordism at different periods of history.

If Herr Duehring means that the mastery of man by men as a preliminary to the mastery of nature by man is a universal law, that our present economic condition, the stage attained to-day in agriculture and industry, is the result of a society which has developed itself in class antagonisms, in mastership on the one hand and in slavery on the other hand, he says something which is a mere commonplace since the publication of the Communist Manifesto. We have thus to explain the existence of these classes and when Herr Duehring has no further explanation to give than "force" we are right back at the beginning again. The mere fact that the subject and the plundered have always been more numerous and that therefore the actual force has rested with them is enough to show the stupidity of the entire force theory. We have therefore still to explain the origin of master and subject classes. They have come into being in two ways.

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topics: counsel and advisers to rulers · political legitimacy and consent

Landmarks of Scientific Socialism: "Anti-Duehring" · Friedrich Engels · 1877–1878