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Roman History, Books I-III

Titus Livius (Livy) · c. 30–17 CE; composed over more than forty years (extant Books I–III are within this span) primary

passage 102 of 212 · BOOK I > BOOK II (29/66)

↪ you wandered here via “Roman contempt for dictators” — the connecting lines are tinted below

in brief
Appius Claudius’s harsh plan to create a dictator nearly prevails, but the senate chooses Marcus Valerius Volusus as dictator with appeal protections, levies ten legions, and prepares for war against Aequans, Volscians, and Sabines.

man who will dare to strike a lictor, when he shall know that that person, whose authority he has insulted, has sole and absolute power to flog and behead him."

To many the opinion of Appius appeared, as in fact it was, harsh and severe. On the other hand, the proposals of Verginius and Larcius appeared injurious, from the precedent they established: that of Larcius they considered especially so, as one that would destroy all credit. The advice of Verginius, was reckoned to be most moderate, and a happy medium between the other two. But through party spirit and men's regard for their private interest, which always has and always will stand in the way of public councils, Appius prevailed, and was himself near being created dictator--a step which would certainly have alienated the commons at a most dangerous juncture, when the Volscians, the Aequans, and the Sabines all happened to be in arms at the same time. But the consuls and elders of the senate took care that this command, in its own nature uncontrollable, should be intrusted to a man of mild disposition. They elected Marcus Valerius son of Volesus, dictator. The people, though they saw that this magistrate was appointed against themselves, yet, as they possessed the right of appeal by his brother's law, had nothing harsh or tyrannical to fear from that family. Afterward an edict published by the dictator, which was almost identical in terms with that of the consul Servilius, further inspirited them. But, thinking reliance could be more safely placed both in the man and in his authority,[29] they abandoned the struggle and gave in their names. Ten legions were raised, a larger army than had ever been raised before.[30] Of these, each of the consuls had three legions assigned him; the dictator commanded four.

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topics: forms of government · mobilization and recruitment · treaties, truces, and peacemaking

Roman History, Books I-III · Titus Livius (Livy) · 30 BCE–17