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The Public Orations of Demosthenes, volume 2

Demosthenes · c. 341 BCE (delivered early in spring; speech contents refer to campaign of 342–341) primary

passage 27 of 113 · (27/89)

in brief
Further introduction summarizes Alexander’s rise, the trial of Ctesiphon, Aeschines’ accusations, Demosthenes’ defense, and the jury acquittal, including later exile of Aeschines to Rhodes.

The following is an analysis of the speech in outline:--

I. Introduction (§§ 1-8). II. Defence against charges irrelevant to the indictment (§§ 9-52). (1) Introduction (§ 9). (2) Postponement of reply to charges against his private life (§§ 10, 11). (3) Reply to charges against his public life (§§ 12-52). (a) Criticism of Aeschines' method of attack (§§ 12-16). (b) Reply in reference to the Peace of Philocrates (§§ 17-52). III. Defence against the indictment itself (§§ 53-125). (1) Introduction (§§ 53-9). (2) Defence of his policy B.C. 346-340 (§§ 60-109). (3) The alleged illegality of crowning him before he had passed his audit (§§ 110-19). (4) The alleged illegality of the proclamation in the theatre (§§ 120, 121). (5) Conclusion, including criticism of Aeschines' method of attack (§§ 122-5).

IV. Aeschines' life and character (§§ 126-59). (1) Introduction (§§ 126-8). (2) Parentage and early life of Aeschines (§§ 129-31). (3) Aeschines' connexion with Antiphon, Python, Anaxinus, and others (§§ 132-8). (4) Aeschines' part in stirring up the war against Amphissa in 339 (§§ 139-59).

V. Demosthenes' own policy in 339 and 338 (§§ 160-226). (1) Narrative and defence of the alliance with Thebes (§§ 160-95). (2) Why did not Aeschines protest at the time? (§§ 196-8). (3) Defence of his policy as true to the spirit of Athenian history (§§ 199-210). (4) Narrative and defence, continued (§§ 211-22). (5) Further criticism of Aeschines' method of attack (§§ 223-6).

VI. Replies to various arguments of Aeschines (§§ 227-96). (1) Aeschines' comparison of the inquiry to the examination of a balance-sheet (§§ 227-31). (2) A proper inquiry would show that Demosthenes had increased the resources of Athens (§§ 232-7). (3) Reply to the charge of saddling Athens with an undue share of the expense of the war (§§ 238-43). (4) Reply to the charge of responsibility for the defeat of Chaeroneia (§§ 244-7). (5) Vindication of his policy after the battle of Chaeroneia (§§ 248-51). (6) Reply to Aeschines' remarks about the harm done to Athens by Demosthenes' bad fortune (§§ 252-75). (a) General remarks (§§ 252-5). (b) The fortune of Demosthenes (§§ 257, 258). (c) The fortune of Aeschines (§§ 259-64). (d) Comparison of the two (§§ 265, 266). (e) Demosthenes' use of his fortune for purposes of public and private munificence (§§ 267-9). (f) Demosthenes not responsible for the misfortunes of Athens (§§ 270-5). (7) Reply to Aeschines' warning against Demosthenes' cleverness (§§ 276-90). (a) Comparison of the use made of their talents by the two orators (§§ 276-84). (b) The choice of Demosthenes, not Aeschines, to deliver the Funeral Oration (§§ 285-90). (8) Aeschines' feelings about the defeat of Chaeroneia (§§ 291-3). (9) The part played by traitors in recent history (§§ 294-6).

VII. Epilogue (§§ 297-324). (1) Demosthenes' incorruptibility (§§ 297, 298). (2) Demosthenes' measures for the protection of Athens (§§ 299-305). (3) Comparison of the services of the two orators to Athens (§§ 306-13). (4) Reply to the comparison of Demosthenes with the men of old, by a final comparison of the two orators (§§ 314-23). (5) Peroration (§ 324).]

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topics: counsel and advisers to rulers · crime and punishment · exile, wandering, and banishment

The Public Orations of Demosthenes, volume 2 · Demosthenes · 341 BCE