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The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes

Demosthenes · 4th century BCE (during the Olynthian crisis, i.e., before Philip II’s final subjugation of Olynthus) primary

passage 61 of 64 · (61/63)

in brief
Demosthenes argues that Athens has abandoned its ancestors’ principles and has been misled into preferring quiet over military duty, allowing Philip to win a coveted prize and expand power unchallenged.

great, and a great one is preserved. To speak generally then, such are the obligations of each class; to insure their performance according to law, some regulation should be made.

The causes of our present troubles and embarrassment are many and of ancient date: if you are willing to hear, I will declare them. You have quitted, O Athenians, the position in which your ancestors left you; you have been persuaded by these politicians, that to stand foremost of the Greeks, to keep a permanent force and redress injured nations, is all vanity and idle expense; you imagine that to live in quiet, to perform no duty, to abandon one thing after another and let strangers seize on all, brings with it marvelous welfare and abundant security. By such means a stranger has advanced to the post which you ought to have occupied, has become prosperous and great, and made large conquest; naturally enough. A prize there was, noble, great, and glorious, one for which the mightiest states were contending all along; but as the Lacedaemonians were humbled, the Thebans had their hands full through the Phocian war, and we took no regard, he carried it off without competition. The result has been, to others terror, to him a vast alliance and extended power; while difficulties so many and so distressing surround the Greeks, that even advice is not easy to be found.

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topics: counsel and advisers to rulers · military discipline and training

The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes · Demosthenes · 349–342 BCE