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How the passage speaks. Exactly one per passage.
The passage continues listing prophetic examples—Noah, Adites with Houd, Thamudites with Saleh, and mentions of Ham-strung animals—contrasting disbelief with divine punishment.
And obey not the bidding of those who commit excess, Who act disorderly on the earth and reform it not." They said, "Certainly thou art a person bewitched; Thou art only a man like us: produce now a sign if thou art a man of truth." He said, "This she-camel, then-drink shall there be for her, and drink shall there be for you, on a several day for each. But harm her not, lest the punishment of a tremendous day ov…
Continuing the Sicilian settlement history, the text lists founding Greeks from Chalcis, Corinth, Megara, Rhodes and Crete, including Naxos, Syracuse, Leontini, Catana, Thapsus, Hyblaean Megara, Selinus, Gela, Acragas, Zancle, and Messina, and explains Phoenician relocations.
in Motye, Soloeis, and Panormus, near the Elymi, partly because they confided in their alliance, and also because these are the nearest points for the voyage between Carthage and Sicily. These were the barbarians in Sicily, settled as I have said. Of the Hellenes, the first to arrive were Chalcidians from Euboea with Thucles, their founder. They founded Naxos and built the altar to Apollo Archegetes, which now stand…
Circe lays out the two routes around the Wanderers: Scylla with twelve feet, six heads, and six men snatched per crossing, and Charybdis’s whirlpool that kills if approached, concluding that it’s better to lose six than the whole crew.
rope’s ends to the mast itself, that you may have the pleasure of listening. If you beg and pray the men to unloose you, then they must bind you faster. “‘When your crew have taken you past these Sirens, I cannot give you coherent directions100 as to which of two courses you are to take; I will lay the two alternatives before you, and you must consider them for yourself. On the one hand there are some overhanging ro…
They continue the plot outline by listing major episodes—Cyclopes and Poseidon’s revenge, Aeolus’s winds, the Laestrygonians, Circe, the descent to Hades, and the Sirens/Scylla—culminating in Calypso’s eight-year captivity and the wooers in Ithaca.
days’ voyage from the southern point of Greece, brought Odysseus into an unexplored region of fairy-land. Egypt, of which Homer had some knowledge, was but five days’ sail from Crete. Lotus-land, therefore, being ten days’ sail from Malea, was well over the limit of the discovered world. From this country Odysseus went on till he reached the land of the lawless Cyclôpes, a pastoral people of giants. Later Greece fei…
Darwin lists many variable anatomical traits in domestic pigeons, noting that these differences can be so great an ornithologist might rank several breeds as well-defined species.
kept expanded, and are carried so erect that in good birds the head and tail touch; the oil-gland is quite aborted. Several other less distinct breeds might have been specified. In the skeletons of the several breeds, the development of the bones of the face in length and breadth and curvature differs enormously. The shape, as well as the breadth and length of the ramus of the lower jaw, varies in a highly remarkabl…
Darwin presents numerous cases of anomalous adaptations—like woodpeckers that don’t climb and water-diving thrushes—to show how changed habits can accompany modified structures, sometimes slowly.
bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale. As we sometimes see individuals of a species following habits widely different from those both of their own species and of the other species of the same genus, we might expect, on my theory, that such individuals would occasionally have …
Darwin argues that grafting and crossing show parallel patterns because reproductive and vegetative compatibility depends on complex, partly affinity-related biological differences, and he lists possible physical causes of sterility in first crosses and hybrids.
latter fact of the extraordinary case of Hippeastrum, Lobelia, etc., which seeded much more freely when fertilised with the pollen of distinct species, than when self-fertilised with their own pollen. We thus see, that although there is a clear and fundamental difference between the mere adhesion of grafted stocks, and the union of the male and female elements in the act of reproduction, yet that there is a rude deg…
Darwin summarizes prior chapters by listing reasons the fossil record is extremely imperfect and transitional forms are rarely preserved, concluding that rejecting this view undermines his whole natural selection theory.
orders, with the genera and species decreasing in numbers, as apparently is the case of the Edentata of South America, still fewer genera and species will have left modified blood-descendants. *Summary of the preceding and present Chapters*.—I have attempted to show that the geological record is extremely imperfect; that only a small portion of the globe has been geologically explored with care; that only certain cl…
Genesis 5 provides a genealogical list from Adam to Noah with lifespans, noting Enoch’s walking with God and his disappearance, and naming Noah’s birth as comfort for human work and sorrow.
This is the book of the generation of man, in the day when God created man and made him after the similitude of God. Male and female made he them, and called their names man, in the day when they were created. And when Adam was an hundred and thirty years old, he begat a son after his likeness and similitude: and called his name Seth. And the days of Adam after he begat Seth, were eight hundred years, and begat sons …
Noah’s sons and their descendants are listed after the Flood, tracing lineages through Japheth, Ham (including Nimrod), and Shem, ending with the peoples that filled the world.
These are the generations of the sons of Noe: of Sem, Ham and Iapheth, which begat them children after the flood. The sons of Iapheth were: Gomir, Magog, Madai, Iavan, Tuball, Mesech and Thyras. And the sons of Gomir were: Ascenas, Riphat and Togarma. And the sons of Iavan were: Elisa, Tharsis, Cithim, and Dodanim. Of these came the Isles of the gentiles in their countries, every man in his speech, kindred and nation…
Lot’s daughters bear sons named Moab (father of the Moabites) and Ben Ammi (father of the Ammonites), linking the family story to later neighboring peoples.
Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father. And the elder bare a son and called him Moab, which is the father of the Moabites unto this day. And the younger bare a son and called him Ben Ammi, which is the father of the children of Ammon unto this day.
Laws cover diagnosing leprosy-like plague in a house in Canaan: the owner reports it, priests inspect for spreading wall marks, quarantine the house, then scrape, replace stones, or demolish if it persists.
when ye be come unto the land of Canaan which I give you to possess: if I put the plague of leprosy in any house of the land of your possession, let him that owneth the house go and tell the priest saying: me think that there is as it were a leprosy in the house. And the priest shall command them to rid all things out of the house, before the priest go in to see the plague: that he make not all that is in the house u…
If the house plague does not spread after new plastering, the priest makes it clean by sprinkling a ritual involving two birds, cedar/cypress wood, hyssop, and purple cloth, with the living bird released outside the town.
and take the cypress {cedar} wood, the hyssop, the purple and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird and in the running water, and sprinkle upon the house seven times, and cleanse the house with the blood of the bird, and with the running water, and with the living bird, and with the cypress wood, and the hyssop, and the purple cloth. And he shall let the living bird flee out of the town into th…
Regulations define uncleanness from a running issue of the flesh, requiring washing, evening isolation, contagion through couches and objects, broken or rinsed vessels, and cleansing through a seven-day count and sacrifices.
And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron saying: Speak unto the children of Israel and say unto them: every man that hath a running issue in his flesh, is unclean by the reason of his issue. And hereby shall it be known when he is unclean. If his flesh run, or if his flesh congeal by the reason of his issue, then he is unclean. Every couch whereon he lieth and every thing whereon he sitteth shall be unclean. He that t…
The Levites assigned by family to the tabernacle are listed, with Cahathites and Merarites given numbers, captains, and duties, including packing and keeping sacred items as the camp moves.
And the office of the children of Gerson in the tabernacle of witness was the habitation and the tent with the covering thereof and the hanging of the door of the tabernacle of witness, and the hangings of the court, and the curtain of the door of the court: which court went round about the dwelling, and the altar, and the cords that pertained unto all the service thereof. And of Cahath came the kindred of the Amrami…
Gershonite and Merarite Levites are assigned service roles—carrying curtains, coverings, boards, bars, pillars, cords, and sockets—while specific tabernacle handling rules and a census for Cahathites are provided.
Aaron and his sons shall go in and put them, every man unto his service and unto his burthen. But let them not go in to see when they cover the sanctuary, lest they die. And the LORD spake unto Moses saying: Take the sum of the children of Gerson, in the houses of their fathers and in their kindreds: from thirty years and above, until fifty, all that are able to go forth in war, for to do service in the tabernacle of…
The offerings for the next days of the altar’s dedication are listed for specific tribal leaders—Eliab, Elizur, Selumiel, and Eliasaph—each bringing a repeated set of silver, gold, and sacrificial animals.
And his offering was, a silver charger of an hundred and thirty sicles weight, and a silver bowl of seventy sicles of the holy sicle, and both full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meatoffering: and a golden spoon of ten sicles full of cense: and an ox and a ram and a lamb of a year old for burntofferings, and an he goat for a sinoffering: and for peaceofferings two oxen five rams five he goats and five lambs of …
Further daily altar-dedication offerings are recorded for Elisama, Gamaliel, Abidan, Ahiezer, Pagiel, and Ahira, again detailing the repeated silver vessels, gold spoon, incense, and animal sacrifices.
And an ox, a ram and a lamb of a year old for burntofferings, and an he goat for a sinoffering: and for peaceofferings two oxen five rams five he goats and five lambs of one year old. And this was the offering of Elisama the son of Amihud. The eighth day, offered Gamaliel the son of Pedazur, the chief lord of the children of Manasse. And his gift was: a silver charger of an hundred and thirty sicles weight, and a sil…
It closes the epistle with practical instructions—brotherly love, hospitality, marriage fidelity, contentment, leadership submission, generosity, and prayer—and names Timothy and sends greetings from Italy.
doeth unto me. Remember them which have the oversight of you, which have declared unto you the word of God: consider the conversation of their living, and counterfeit their faith. Iesus Christ yesterday and today, and the same continueth for ever. Be not carried thither with divers and strange learning. For it is a good thing that the heart be stablished with grace, and not with meats, which have not profited them t…
This editor section lists the circumstances of Tyndale’s martyrdom, then explains how later Bibles in England drew from Tyndale’s translation through a chain of revisions (Coverdale, Matthew, Taverner, Bishops’, Geneva, and later echoes).
'Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God, thorow your traditions?' Matthew xv. also see Mark vij.}. At last, after much reasoning, when no reason would serve, although he deserved no death, he was condemned by virtue of the emperor's decree, made in the assembly at Augsburg. Brought forth to the place of execution, he was tied to the stake, strangled by the hangman, and afterwards consumed with fire, at the…
Livy lists Book IX events: Pontius of the Samnites is triumphantly paraded and beheaded; a plague strikes Rome; an Aesculapius statue is brought by a serpent; and later various Roman military actions, laws, censuses, and wars unfold from 291–282 BCE.
Pontius, the general of the Samnites, led in triumph before the victor's carriage, and afterwards beheaded. A plague at Rome. [Y.R. 461. B.C. 291.] Ambassadors sent to Epidaurus, to bring from thence to Rome the statue of Aesculapius: a serpent, of itself, goes on board their ship; supposing it to be the abode of the deity, they bring it with them; and, upon its quitting their vessel, and swimming to the island in th…
Continuing Book IX summaries: Sardinia and Corsica feature Carthaginian warfare, including Hanno; Roman consul Atilius Calatinus is rescued; Hannibal the fleet commander is executed by his soldiers; Regulus and the Roman fleet losses are recounted.
Sardinians and Corsicans, together with Hanno, the Carthaginian general, in the island of Sardinia. [Y.R. 494. B.C. 258.] Atilius Calatinus, consul, drawn into an ambuscade by the Carthaginians, is rescued by the skill and valour of M. Calpurnius, a military tribune, who making a sudden attack upon the enemy, with a body of only three hundred men, turns their whole force against himself. [Y.R. 495. B.C. 257.] Hanniba…
Livy outlines Roman administrative decrees for consuls, praetors, provinces, fleets, and legions, including continuing commands in Italy and overseas, and preparing ships to defend Italy’s coasts.
to have been killed by the Boii in the neighbourhood of Mutina, when acting as triumvir for the distribution of lands, was alive and in the hands of the enemy. 22. In the eleventh year of the Punic war, Marcus Marcellus, for the fifth time, reckoning in the consulate in which he did not act in consequence of an informality in his creation, and Titus Quinctius Crispinus entered upon the office of consuls. To both the…
This section is a brief book-overview list of topics and outcomes, noting repeal of the Oppian law, Roman victories, and Carthaginian news about hostile designs.
on which he gave orders that, in answer to any inquiries, it should be said that he had been sent as ambassador to Tyre. Fearing, however, lest some of these ships might sail in the night to Thapsus or Adrumetum, and carry information of his having been seen at Cercina, he ordered a sacrifice to be prepared, and the masters of the ships, with the merchants, to be invited to the entertainment, and that the sails and y…
Herzl lays out the pamphlet’s structure, promising a general political-economic plan, then execution through the Jewish Company, Local Groups, and the Society of Jews, concluding with a need for youth-driven enthusiasm.
therefore keep to this natural sequence. In the first and general part I shall explain my ideas, remove all prejudices, determine essential political and economic conditions, and develop the plan. In the special part, which is divided into three principal sections, I shall describe its execution. These three sections are: The Jewish Company, Local Groups, and the Society of Jews. The Society is to be created first, …
Hamilton lays out the program for subsequent Federalist essays, listing topics such as the Union’s utility, the confederation’s inadequacy, and republican principles, while promising to answer objections and predicting dangers from disunion.
of those men who have overturned the liberties of republics, the greatest number have begun their career by paying an obsequious court to the people; commencing demagogues, and ending tyrants. In the course of the preceding observations, I have had an eye, my fellow-citizens, to putting you upon your guard against all attempts, from whatever quarter, to influence your decision in a matter of the utmost moment to you…
Madison dismisses critics who misconstrue the slave import clause, then turns to the third class of federal powers regulating interstate and Indian commerce, coinage, weights and measures, naturalization, bankruptcy, judgments, and post offices.
a majority of the Union. Happy would it be for the unfortunate Africans, if an equal prospect lay before them of being redeemed from the oppressions of their European brethren! Attempts have been made to pervert this clause into an objection against the Constitution, by representing it on one side as a criminal toleration of an illicit practice, and on another as calculated to prevent voluntary and beneficial emigra…
Madison lists constitutional federal powers enabling patents and copyrights, creating a federally controlled district for the national government, defining treason punishments without corruption of blood, admitting new states, and regulating federal territory and property.
of authors has been solemnly adjudged, in Great Britain, to be a right of common law. The right to useful inventions seems with equal reason to belong to the inventors. The public good fully coincides in both cases with the claims of individuals. The States cannot separately make effectual provisions for either of the cases, and most of them have anticipated the decision of this point, by laws passed at the instance…
Continuing the Pennsylvania example, Hamilton lists how the Council of Censors was split into fixed violent parties, may have misconstrued department limits, and had little practical effect on legislative practice, implying the remedy fails under party politics.
of the executive council, within the seven preceding years. One of them had been speaker, and a number of others distinguished members, of the legislative assembly within the same period. Thirdly. Every page of their proceedings witnesses the effect of all these circumstances on the temper of their deliberations. Throughout the continuance of the council, it was split into two fixed and violent parties. The fact is …
Hamilton outlines the House of Representatives’ design: suffrage must be defined in the Constitution, elected representatives must meet specific eligibility requirements, and biennial elections are defended as necessary for dependence on the people.
some of the States as it would have been difficult to the convention. The provision made by the convention appears, therefore, to be the best that lay within their option. It must be satisfactory to every State, because it is conformable to the standard already established, or which may be established, by the State itself. It will be safe to the United States, because, being fixed by the State constitutions, it is n…
Hamilton/Madison begins a new essay on the Senate, listing its key elements—qualifications, appointment by state legislatures, equal state representation, number and term, and powers—and starts with qualifications tied to age, citizenship length, and avoiding foreign influence.
State governments such an agency in the formation of the federal government as must secure the authority of the former, and may form a convenient link between the two systems. III. The equality of representation in the Senate is another point, which, being evidently the result of compromise between the opposite pretensions of the large and the small States, does not call for much discussion. If indeed it be right, t…
Hamilton provides a detailed survey of civil jury practice across states—common law courts versus admiralty, chancery, and probate courts—arguing that no single jury rule could fit them all.
I become more convinced of the reality of the obstacles which, we are authoritatively informed, prevented the insertion of a provision on this head in the plan of the convention. The great difference between the limits of the jury trial in different States is not generally understood; and as it must have considerable influence on the sentence we ought to pass upon the omission complained of in regard to this point, …
In Federalist No. 43, Madison lists fourth-class congressional powers, including copyright for authors and inventors and exclusive federal control over a district seat of government and federal facilities.
all places purchased by the consent of the legislatures of the States in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings." The indispensable necessity of complete authority at the seat of government, carries its own evidence with it. It is a power exercised by every legislature of the Union, I might say of the world, by virtue of its general supremacy. …
The passage summarizes major differences between the proposed president and the hereditary British king across elections, accountability, legislative veto, war powers, treaty authority, appointments, noble privileges, commercial regulation, and church leadership.
of Great Britain. But to render the contrast in this respect still more striking, it may be of use to throw the principal circumstances of dissimilitude into a closer group. The President of the United States would be an officer elected by the people for four years; the king of Great Britain is a perpetual and hereditary prince. The one would be amenable to personal punishment and disgrace; the person of the other i…
Hamilton lists the remaining executive powers—informing Congress, recommending measures, convening and adjourning, receiving ambassadors, executing laws, and commissioning officers—then transitions to constitutional safety through elections and impeachment.
cannot themselves agree upon the time of adjournment; in receiving ambassadors and other public ministers; in faithfully executing the laws; and in commissioning all the officers of the United States. Except some cavils about the power of convening either house of the legislature, and that of receiving ambassadors, no objection has been made to this class of authorities; nor could they possibly admit of any. It requ…
He lists the additional safeguards the Union provides for republican government, liberty, and property—such as preventing local insurrections, reducing foreign intrigue, avoiding large standing armies, guaranteeing republican forms, banning titles of nobility, and protecting property and credit.
government under which they live, than the fury with which they have attacked that plan, for matters in regard to which our own constitution is equally or perhaps more vulnerable. The additional securities to republican government, to liberty and to property, to be derived from the adoption of the plan under consideration, consist chiefly in the restraints which the preservation of the Union will impose on local fac…
As Aeneas and the Sibyl move through the shadowy underworld, Virgil catalogs its personified regions and guardians, including Sleep, Dreams, the Furies’ realm, and a host of monsters, before arriving at Acheron where Charon ferries souls.
Trojan, take the way thy fates afford; Assume thy courage, and unsheathe thy sword.” She said, and pass’d along the gloomy space; The prince pursued her steps with equal pace. Ye realms, yet unreveal’d to human sight, Ye gods who rule the regions of the night, Ye gliding ghosts, permit me to relate The mystic wonders of your silent state! Obscure they went thro’ dreary shades, that led Along…
The Rutulian allies under Turnus’ banner forge and dress for battle, listing multiple Latian cities and warriors, and introducing Mezentius, Lausus, and Aventinus with their distinctive weapons and origins.
New grind the blunted ax, and point the dart: With joy they view the waving ensigns fly, And hear the trumpet’s clangour pierce the sky. Five cities forge their arms: th’ Atinian pow’rs, Antemnae, Tibur with her lofty tow’rs, Ardea the proud, the Crustumerian town: All these of old were places of renown. Some hammer helmets for the fighting field; Some twine young sallo…
More Turnus’ allies arrive from Praeneste, Gabii and neighboring regions, including sling-armed stone-throwers, Neptune-sired Messapus, and the Sabine leader Clausus, whose troops march singing.
appear. Like cloud-born Centaurs, from the mountain’s height With rapid course descending to the fight; They rush along; the rattling woods give way; The branches bend before their sweepy sway. Nor was Praeneste’s founder wanting there, Whom fame reports the son of Mulciber: Found in the fire, and foster’d in the plains, A shepherd and a king at once he reigns, And leads to Turnus’ aid his co…
The poem continues listing Turnus’ men, including Oebalus of Capri with brazen weapons, Ufens and the Nursians, the Marrubians led by Umbro with magical healing, and Virbius, whose father Hippolytus was restored by Diana/Jove and is now a rider.
Light demi-lances from afar they throw, Fasten’d with leathern thongs, to gall the foe. Short crooked swords in closer fight they wear; And on their warding arm light bucklers bear. Nor Oebalus, shalt thou be left unsung, From nymph Semethis and old Telon sprung, Who then in Teleboan Capri reign’d; But that short isle th’ ambitious youth disdain’d, And o’er Campania stretch’d his ample sway, …
Several Meccan suras are presented, swearing by cosmic signs and warning that God judges humans on the Last Day, rewarding believers with paradise and tormenting deniers with Hell.
Nor did they torment them but for their faith in God, the Mighty, the Praiseworthy:4 His the kingdom of the Heavens and of the Earth; and God is the witness of everything. Verily, those who vexed the believers, men and women, and repented not, doth the torment of Hell, and the torment of the burning, await. But for those who shall have believed and done the things that be right, are the Gardens beneath whose shade…
The passage shifts to polemic and instruction: God’s stratagem against deniers will succeed, Muhammad is presented as only a plain warner, the Hour’s knowledge is reserved to God, Satanic temptations are answered by remembering God, and the Qur’an is defended as guidance.
But as for those who treat our signs as lies, we will gradually bring them down by means of which they know not: And though I lengthen their days, verily, my stratagem shall prove effectual. Will they not bethink them that their companion Muhammad is not djinn- possessed? Yes, his office is only that of plain warner. Will they not look forth on the realms of the Heaven and of the Earth, and on all things which God…
Washington notes that Tuskegee graduates usually contribute annual amounts, then lists additional funding from Alabama’s legislature, the John F. Slater Fund, and the Peabody Fund, highlighting leaders J.L.M. Curry and Morris K. Jessup.
from the Sunday-schools, the Christian Endeavour societies, and the missionary societies, as well as from the church proper, that have helped to elevate the Negro at so rapid a rate. This speaking of small gifts reminds me to say that very few Tuskegee graduates fail to send us an annual contribution. These contributions range from twenty-five cents up to ten dollars. Soon after beginning our third year’s work we w…
Notes continue on Catiline’s forces and tactics—legions, cohorts, reserves, centurions, veterans, and allied followers—then provide a chronological outline of the conspiracy’s A.U.C. dates.
[273] With the temperate--*Cum innocente*. "That is _cum integro et abstinente*. For *innocentia* is used for *abstinentia_, and opposed to *avaritia*. See Cic. pro Lego Manil., c. 13." *Burnouf*. [274] LV. The triumvirs--*Triumviros*. The *triumviri capitales*, who had the charge of the prison and of the punishment of the condemned. They performed their office by deputy, Val. Max., v. 4. 7. [275] The Tullian dunge…
The text sets out London’s plague administration: examiners in every parish, sworn watchmen for infected houses, women searchers, quarantined chirurgeons, and rules for nurse-keepers.
Watchmen. ‘That to every infected house there be appointed two watchmen, one for every day, and the other for the night; and that these watchmen have a special care that no person go in or out of such infected houses whereof they have the charge, upon pain of severe punishment. And the said watchmen to do such further offices as the sick house shall need and require: and if the watchman…
Further regulations command notification of sickness, immediate sequestration of the infected, airing of contaminated goods, restrictions on visiting and removals, and detailed burial rules.
Sequestration of the Sick. ‘As soon as any man shall be found by this examiner, chirurgeon, or searcher to be sick of the plague, he shall the same night be sequestered in the same house; and in case he be so sequestered, then though he afterwards die not, the house wherein he sickened should be shut up for a month, after the use of the due preservatives taken by the rest. Airing the S…
More orders require marking visited houses with a red cross and words, watching shut-up homes, keeping searchers separated with red rods, and regulating hackney-coaches after infected transport.
No Person to be conveyed out of any infected House. ‘If any person visited do fortune, by negligent looking unto, or by any other means, to come or be conveyed from a place infected to any other place, the parish from whence such party hath come or been conveyed, upon notice thereof given, shall at their charge cause the said party so visited and escaped to be carried and brought back a…
Defoe lists towns within roughly ten to twenty miles of London that are infected and gives debate over whether infected people deliberately try to infect others.
the city but what was more or less infected and had some died among them. I have heard the accounts of several, such as they were reckoned up, as follows:— In Enfield 32 In Uxbridge 117 ” Hornsey 58 ” Hertford 90 ” Newington 17 ” Ware 160 ” Tottenham 42 ” Hodsdon 30 ” Edmonton …
Defoe praises London’s civic leadership for issuing bye-laws: the Lord Mayor and sheriffs stayed in the city, held daily councils, punished looting, required constables and churchwardens to remain (with substitutes), and sustained public order through daily presence.
to be encouraged, made very good bye-laws for the regulating the citizens, keeping good order in the streets, and making everything as eligible as possible to all sorts of people. In the first place, the Lord Mayor and the sheriffs, the Court of Aldermen, and a certain number of the Common Council men, or their deputies, came to a resolution and published it, viz., that they would not quit the city…
The escape plan is set: use a large canoe owned by Mr. Hamilton, launch into Chesapeake Bay before Easter holidays, paddle about seventy miles, then drift toward the north star, with detailed objections and forged-use passes for Baltimore.
I saw this as plainly as I now see you; and furder, honey, watch de Friday night dream; dare is sumpon in it, shose you born; dare is, indeed, honey.” I confess I did not like this dream; but I threw off concern about it, by attributing it to the general excitement and perturbation consequent upon our contemplated plan of escape. I could not, however, shake off its effect at once. I felt that it boded me no good. Sa…
He lists repeated American incidents where he was barred from places and seats because “We don’t allow niggers in here,” then contrasts this with Dublin and claims aristocracy there is not based on skin color.
and deference paid to white people. When I go to church, I am met by no upturned nose and scornful lip to tell me, “*We don’t allow niggers in here*!” I remember, about two years ago, there was in Boston, near the south-west corner of Boston Common, a menagerie. I had long desired to see such a collection as I understood was being exhibited there. Never having had an opportunity while a slave, I resolved to seize th…
Douglass lists four circumstances that helped bring American slavery before British audiences, including a mob on the Cambria, Free Church of Scotland involvement, the Evangelical Alliance, and the World’s Temperance Convention.
thought proper to get up a mob to silence me, on board the “Cambria,” took the most effective method of telling the British public that I had something to say. But to the second circumstance, namely, the position of the Free Church of Scotland, with the great Doctors Chalmers, Cunningham, and Candlish at its head. That church, with its leaders, put it out of the power of the Scotch people to ask the old question, wh…
Las Casas lists customary atrocities by a tyrant in war: using captured indigenous people as fighters and food, separating families, roasting and butchering children, forcing portage of ships and artillery, and murdering or enslaving people until death.
at least in Fifteen or Sixteen Years, that is, from 1524, to 1540 were murdered, and dayly continues destroying the small residue of that People with his Cruelties and Brutishness. It was the usual Custom of this Tyrant, when he made War with any City or Province, to take along with himas many of those *Indians* he had subjugated as he could, that they might fight with their Country-men; and when he had in his Army …
The passage lists multiple inconsistent stories of Ariadne’s fate—from suicide to marriage on Naxos or death on Cyprus—then adds local cult practices, rituals, and differing celebrations of Ariadne’s day.
received the captives of her, and ratified a perpetual friendship between the Athenians and the Cretans, whom he engaged under an oath never again to commence any war with Athens. There are yet many other traditions about these things, and as many concerning Ariadne, all inconsistent with each other. Some relate that she hung herself, being deserted by Theseus. Others that she was carried away by his sailors to th…
Cato’s memorable sayings are listed: warning speeches to the “belly,” condemning luxury, likening Romans to sheep and women’s power, attacking political continuity, and depicting a king as a “man-eater,” ending with his preference for punishing wrong.
write down some of his memorable sayings; being of the opinion that a man's character appears much more by his words, than, as some think it does, by his looks. Being once desirous to dissuade the common people of Rome, from their unseasonable and impetuous clamor for largesses and distributions of corn, he began thus to harangue them: "It is a difficult task, O citizens, to make speeches to the belly, which has no…
Cato the Elder makes biting sayings about punishment, generosity, politics, and personal discipline, including jokes about Roman ambassadors, Greek exiles, fools and wise men, and vice in old age and lawmaking.
that he had rather be deprived of the reward for doing well, than not to suffer the punishment for doing ill; and that he could pardon all offenders but himself. The Romans having sent three ambassadors to Bithynia, of whom one was gouty, another had his skull trepanned, and the other seemed little better than a fool; Cato, laughing, gave out, that the Romans had sent an embassy, which had neither feet, head, nor he…
Plutarch transitions from Caesar’s early career to the Gallic wars, judging Caesar’s military greatness against Roman exemplars by listing conquests, towns taken, enemies killed, and prisoners captured over many years.
was elected on purpose to effect Cicero's downfall; nor did Caesar leave the city to join his army, till they two had overpowered Cicero, and driven him out of Italy. Thus far have we followed Caesar's actions before the wars of Gaul. After this, he seems to begin his course afresh, and to enter upon a new life and scene of action. And the period of those wars which he now fought, and those many expeditions in whi…
He presents a table of the logical functions of judgement—quantity, quality, relation, and modality—and explains how singular vs universal and infinite vs affirmative differ in transcendental logic’s treatment.
§ 5 If we abstract all the content of a judgement, and consider only the intellectual form thereof, we find that the function of thought in a judgement can be brought under four heads, of which each contains three momenta. These may be conveniently represented in the following table: 1 *Quantity of judgements* Universal Particu…
Kant gives specific schemata for categories—number for quantity, graded reality for quality, permanence for substance, law-governed succession for cause, reciprocity for community, and time-structured possibility, reality, and necessity.
number is nothing else than the unity of the synthesis of the manifold in a homogeneous intuition, by means of my generating time itself in my apprehension of the intuition. Reality, in the pure conception of the understanding, is that which corresponds to a sensation in general; that, consequently, the conception of which indicates a being (in time). Negation is that the conception of which represents a not-being (…
Kant distinguishes pure understanding principles governing all possible objects from empirical laws, then classifies them into axioms, anticipations, analogies, and postulates, calling the first “mathematical” and others “dynamical.”
That principles exist at all is to be ascribed solely to the pure understanding, which is not only the faculty of rules in regard to that which happens, but is even the source of principles according to which everything that can be presented to us as an object is necessarily subject to rules, because without such rules we never could attain to cognition of an object. Even the laws of nature, if they are contemplated …